Historical Overview of Reentry for Exoffenders Research Paper

Historical Overview of Reentry for Exoffenders - Research Paper Example Likewise, it cannot be viewed as an option, but it ultimately reflects the iron law of imprisonment: They all come back (Mays & Winfree, 2009). With the ever increasing number of prisoners in the U.S. Jails, and with about 600,000 prisoners leaving prison every year at an average of around 1,600 ex-convicts per day, the United States Department of Justice launched the first Reentry Partnership Initiative in 1999 (Mays & Winfree, 2009). The Reentry programming launched was structured around the principles guiding community prosecution and oriented policing. It works on building on criminological research, which has proven that informal social controls like peer groups, family and other community social factors will ultimately have a more direct influence on an ex-convicts behavior after their release from prison as compared to the more formal social controls such as the use of probation and parole supervision (Carison, & Carrett, 2007). Reentry programming also tries to create and develop close ties and partnerships between the existing criminal justice agencies and the community groups. Finally, it is committed to implement ing only the best practices that seem to work based on the empirical research conducted. A prisoner’s reentry is generally not classified as a single event but as a process comprising of a series of several events that are spread out across a given timeline and are often interrelated and all geared towards the culmination of the release of an individual prisoner from prison into the larger free community (Mays & Winfree, 2009). The prisoner reentry process is supposed to begin immediately a prisoner is convicted and starts serving a confinement sentence at a prison facility. The process can be subdivided into several subsequent stages. An ideal Prisoner reentry model should include four stages: These are prison-based rehabilitation, transitional services, community after –

Business Prppopsal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Prppopsal - Article Example Key factors to our success will be the satisfaction of families with our services. We are particularly suited to the task being educators and parents ourselves. There were advantages and disadvantages to both a non-profit versus for-profit operations. The advantages of non-profit are that we may receive preferential treatment in rent and locations, and it will help with fund-raising in the event we need it. The disadvantages are that it limits our size. An advantage for a for-profit daycare is that we may be able to provide less expensive service in the form of family daycare in the home of the child. The disadvantages are that there are disparate policies regarding the legislation of such enterprises. We will measure our performance using regular but brief client and worker surveys. We will implementation. Interaction between our organization and our client families and between every operational division will enhance our ability to provide effective low-cost service. We aim for a June grand opening to take advantage of the good weather. Nevertheless we are still in need of resources including a location, equipment, food, bedding, toys, supplies, and electronics. Any donations help. Our pricing is based on our costs. At $4 per hour per child for 60 kids for 40 hours for 50 weeks we would net about $480,000.

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Architecture

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Architecture Question 1: Consider the impact of the Industrial Revolution on nineteenth century architecture. Your answer should explore the way in which buildings could be constructed, as well as the new demands being made upon architecture. The nineteenth century brought an age of uncertainty, confidence apparent in the elegant architecture of the 18th C had diminished, rejecting irregularity and polychrome, and was subjected to a period of architectural eclecticism. The birth of this sought after style would allow elements to be retained from previous historic precedents, returning to the style of Michelangelo etc., whilst creating something that is new andoriginal, forming styles of Neo-Classical and Neo-Gothic. This ability to create a fusion of styles allowed for expression devised through creation, notreminiscence; usually elected based on its aptness to the project and overall aesthetic value, seeking to restore order and restraint to architecture. Another Influence can be traced from the industrial revolution, a time of rapid change, experiencing dramatic variation and experimentation. With Changes in manufacturing, transport, technology, there was a profound consequence on the social economics and cultural conditions. The urban population radically increased, with cities alike multiplying in size and number. The consequences for these new expanding cities was massive overcrowding. Factory owners were required to provide a large quantity of cheap houses, resulting in densely packedterraces, constructed to a low standard. The expansion of mass industry brought the potential of new building technologies such as cast iron, steel, and glass, with which architects and engineers devised structures previously un-reached in both function, size, and form. Consequently, materials could be mass produced rapidly and inexpensively, not only being applied to things like bricks, but also iron columns, glass panels etc., meaning structures of all types could be constructed quicker and cheaper than ever before. This generated a new potential of standardised designs, created from identical factory components, which could be mass produced improving the efficiency of construction time but not necessarily the quality. Through the rise of the revolution, architecture was now exposed to a magnitude of new construction methods. Structures consisting of metal columns and beams no longer needed walls for structural support, glass could be fashioned in larger sizes volumes and dense structures could be replaced by skeleton structures; making it possible to reach previously restricted height and width very quickly, using pre-fabricated elements. However, this new architecture lacked in imagination and style as the focus was cast towards functionality. An example of this new technology was The Crystal Palace 1851. It was a glass and iron showpiece, with pre-fabricated parts that could be mass-produced and erected rapidly. This dazzled the millions of visitors passing through its doors as it stood in blatant disparity to previous massive stone construction. Crystal Palace became the foundation for modern architecture, its transparency signified a sense of ‘no boundaries’. Question 2: Chart the key characteristics of the Art Nouveau movement in architecture. To what extent was this movement influential in the move towards International Modernism? The architectural style of Art Nouveau first arouse in Europe, producing its most creative phase between 1893 and 1905. Art Nouveau repelled against previous classical Greek and Roman principles, rejecting the strict and formal ideals, which had been prevalent during much of the 19th C. It was established on the amalgamation of formal inspiration from the English Arts and Crafts, as well as the structural importance of French Rationalism, and the structural abstraction from nature, which was perceived as the best source of stimulation and aesthetic principals. Architects found their inspiration in the expressive organic forms that emphasised humanitys natural ambition, with dominate ornate embellishments, curvilinear forms, and design motifs based on stylised plants and flowers. Art Nouveau style architecture can be identified by specific rudiments and distinguishing factors which led to ubiquitous cultural impulses, appearing throughout its life time, however there is no single defi nition or meaning behind it. The style originated from the reaction to a realm of art which was dominated by precise geometrical compositions of Neo-Classical ideals. In search of a new design language, concepts evolved distant from historical and classical restraints employed by previous academics and current precedents. Instead designs were characterized by graceful, sinuous lines filled with irregular direction, which were rarely angular. This was accompanied by violent curves; rhythmic patterns of curved, fluent lines that connect beautified plain items, such as entrances and cast columns. The philosophy of Art Nouveau was in provision of applying delicate beauty to commonplace objects, in order for beautiful objects to be transparent to all. No entity was too utilitarian to be beautified, it was not only evident in external architecture butinterior ornamentsdisplayed its standards as well. The tendency led towards organic subject matter, flowers, leaves, vines, and other organic images embellished architect ure with each characteristic obtaining a different appearance; a doorknocker moulded to look like a dragonfly, birds etched into window frames, abstract lilies drifting around stairwell banisters. The style embraces a variety of stylistic interpretations; some architects opting for new low-cost materials with the ambition of mass production, whilst others used more expensive materials valuing high craftsmanship. A variety of movements continued to reconnoitre integrated organic design, includingDeStijl, and theBauhausSchool, however this soon declined. Art Nouveau constituted a major step towards the intellectual and stylistic innovation of modern architecture, breaking the trend of looking backwards, which emphasised function over form and the elimination of superfluous adornment. The stylistic rudiments progressed into the simpler, rationalised forms of modernism. Theunderlying fundamentals of the art nouveau concept, of a thoroughly integrated environment, remains a significant element of contemporary modernism today. Question 3: With references to examples of his built work, explore Le Corbusier’s ‘Five Points of a New Architecture’. Le Corbusier’s first principle looks at the system of structural support, it suggests that a distinction can immediately be made between elements. Therefore supporting walls can be replaced by a grid of columns, spaced out at specific, equal intervals that withholds the structural load. By elevating the ground floor, it is thereby removed from the damp ground and is now to subject to light and air and consequently the landscape can continue to flow beneath whilst gaining additional flat roof space. The second principle identifies the need for the flat roof to be utilised for a domestic purpose such as a roof terrace or garden, subsequently meaning that space lost in built up areas can be recovered. This area will display luxurious organic vegetation, however it provides a structural purpose providing essential protection to the concrete roof. Resulting rain can now be controlled, flowing off gradually down drain pipes, concealed within the interior of the building. The third principle states that, due to circumstances made clear in the first principle, interior walls can now be placed where required, each floor being entirely independent to the next. The absence of supporting walls allows unrestrained freedom within the internal design. The forth principle dictates that the faà §ade can be lifted from its structural function, allowing the freedom of design separated from its original exterior. By projecting the floor beyond its system of structural supports the whole faà §ade is extended, losing its supportive quality, the faà §ade therefore is free from restrictions. The fifth principle determines that the faà §ade can be intersect with horizontal window running the entire length, extending from support to support. These rectangular openings allow plentiful amounts of light and air, achieving evenly lit rooms of maximum illumination and hence removing the need for vertical windows. We can depict the development of these principles through some of his built work, first with his experimentation with Maison Citrohan, 1922. Through numerous prototypes le Corbusier plays with introducing this distinctive features. Villa Stein 1926, is the first full exemplification of these principles. Built around a strict grid of structural columns, the villa features an open plan layout with roof terrace protected by screens. The concrete structure obtains strips of ribbon windows, however that land beneath has been fully consumed by the Villa. The Villa Savoye 1929, visibly embodies all five points of the new aesthetic. The bulk of the structure is supported above the ground by slender reinforced concrete stilts. The house conceals an open floor plan that culminates a roof garden, compensating for the green space lost beneath. Finally, the clean white faà §ade embodies the distinctive ribbon windows that allow unobstructed views.

Legal Development of Abortion Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Legal Development of Abortion      Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay traces the development of abortion law in English and American society up to the time of Roe v. Wade in 1973. Beginning with Biblical citations, the essay researches the Early Church Fathers on the issue; the American colonies; developments of the 1800's which caused change, and so on.    Up to the time of the Protestant Reformation, the English society inherited its traditional anti-abortion law from the Church practice of 1500 years standing; which belief began even before Christianity as part of the Old Testament Jewish belief. The Old Testament tells us: "Death was not God's doing, he takes no pleasure in the extinction of the living" (Wis. 1:13). What is willed is life, and in the visible universe everything has been made for man, who is the image of God and the world's crowning glory (Gen. 1:26-28). In the Christian tradition, the Early Church Fathers taught in The Didache, perhaps the first Christian catechism from 70-90AD, the following in chapter 2, verses 1-2: "The second commandment of the teaching: You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not seduce boys. You shall not commit fornication. You shall not steal. You shall not practice magic. You shall not use potions. You shall not procure [an] abortion, nor destroy a newborn child." (Ju rgens vol.1,p.2)    The colonies inherited English Common Law and largely operated under it until well into the 19th century. English Common Law forbade abortion. Abortion prior to quickening was a misdemeanor. Abortion after quickening (feeling life) was a felony. This bifid punishment, inherited from earlier ecclesiastic law, stemmed from earlier "knowledge" regarding human reproduction.    In... ...ial state (pre-polled at 60% pro-abortion), voted 63% against abortion. It seemed obvious that most people did not want abortion. But, on January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, and abortion was imposed from the top down. (Roe)    WORKS CITED: Dellapenna,J. The History of Abortion: Technology, Morality, and Law, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 1979 Quay, Justifiable Abortion-Medical and Legal Foundations, Georgetown Univ., Law Review, 1960-1961 Jurgens, William A. The Faith of the Early Fathers. N.p.: Liturgical Press, 1998. Roe vs. Wade, U.S. Supreme Court410 U.S. 113, 1973 Doe vs. Bolton, U.S. Supreme Court 410 U.S. 179, 1973 Washington Post April 27, 1981 Women and Abortion, Prospects of Criminal Charges Monograph, American Center for Bioethics, 422 C St., NE, Washington, DC 20002, Spring 1983 Legal Development of Abortion Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topics Legal Development of Abortion      Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay traces the development of abortion law in English and American society up to the time of Roe v. Wade in 1973. Beginning with Biblical citations, the essay researches the Early Church Fathers on the issue; the American colonies; developments of the 1800's which caused change, and so on.    Up to the time of the Protestant Reformation, the English society inherited its traditional anti-abortion law from the Church practice of 1500 years standing; which belief began even before Christianity as part of the Old Testament Jewish belief. The Old Testament tells us: "Death was not God's doing, he takes no pleasure in the extinction of the living" (Wis. 1:13). What is willed is life, and in the visible universe everything has been made for man, who is the image of God and the world's crowning glory (Gen. 1:26-28). In the Christian tradition, the Early Church Fathers taught in The Didache, perhaps the first Christian catechism from 70-90AD, the following in chapter 2, verses 1-2: "The second commandment of the teaching: You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not seduce boys. You shall not commit fornication. You shall not steal. You shall not practice magic. You shall not use potions. You shall not procure [an] abortion, nor destroy a newborn child." (Ju rgens vol.1,p.2)    The colonies inherited English Common Law and largely operated under it until well into the 19th century. English Common Law forbade abortion. Abortion prior to quickening was a misdemeanor. Abortion after quickening (feeling life) was a felony. This bifid punishment, inherited from earlier ecclesiastic law, stemmed from earlier "knowledge" regarding human reproduction.    In... ...ial state (pre-polled at 60% pro-abortion), voted 63% against abortion. It seemed obvious that most people did not want abortion. But, on January 22, 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, and abortion was imposed from the top down. (Roe)    WORKS CITED: Dellapenna,J. The History of Abortion: Technology, Morality, and Law, University of Pittsburgh Law Review, 1979 Quay, Justifiable Abortion-Medical and Legal Foundations, Georgetown Univ., Law Review, 1960-1961 Jurgens, William A. The Faith of the Early Fathers. N.p.: Liturgical Press, 1998. Roe vs. Wade, U.S. Supreme Court410 U.S. 113, 1973 Doe vs. Bolton, U.S. Supreme Court 410 U.S. 179, 1973 Washington Post April 27, 1981 Women and Abortion, Prospects of Criminal Charges Monograph, American Center for Bioethics, 422 C St., NE, Washington, DC 20002, Spring 1983

Differences between cars and motorcycles Essay

There are many differences between cars and motorcycles. Some people out there like motorcycles over cars and some people prefer cars over motorcycles due to the safety factor of motorcycles compared to cars. Some Prefer the comfort of motorcycles but some prefer the comfort of cars. Then there is a cost difference between the cars and motorcycles as some prefer one over the other. I am going to tell you about the cost of motorcycles and cars, the comfort of motorcycles and cars, and the safety of motorcycles and cars. First, motorcycles are less expensive then cars. As you can see motorcycles can cost only a few thousand dollars. But cars can cost anywhere from a little more than a few thousand dollars to twenty thousand dollars and up. Cars are nice to have but depending on which one you prefer to purchase can cost you a pretty penny. You can get a small compact car which might only cost between seven and ten thousand dollars or you can get an SUV which would be over twenty thousand dollars. Motorcycles are not that expensive when compared to a car. You can get a motorcycle for under a few thousand dollars. Most people who look at this at a cost factor would prefer to go with a motorcycle to save money. Second, cars are more comforting to be in than motorcycles are. As you probably already know motorcycles are not that big and have a leather seat. The seat is not roomy enough and can get hot at times. This makes it really uncomfortable. Also lots of people like to wear motorcycle gear such as leather gloves and leather clothing such as leather pants. Leather pants can make it very uncomfortable to ride a motorcycle at any given time. Cars are big and very roomy. It’s actually very comfortable to be sitting down riding in one. The seats can be leather or cloth with a carpet like material. Sitting in the car driving does not bother the comfort. People have been driving cars for many years and are very well use to the comfort of them. Third, is the safety of cars and motorcycles when riding? Both cars and motorcycles are not safe at all. Some could say one is not safer than the other. But from hearing on the news about accidents with cars and Accidents with motorcycles we can say that they all have their fair share of safety problems. Motorcycles are not safe at all. Motorcycles ride on two wheels which we all know of. Motorcycles can go fast quickly and motorcyclists like to swerve in and out of lanes which cause a safety hazard. There is a lot of motorcycle related accidents all the time. Cars are dangerous also. There are car accidents being reported all the time. Even though cars seem like they are much safer than motorcycles they actually are not that safe. Some can argue that cars are safe or safer but they still cause a safety hazard out there. Every day there are plenty of car related accidents happening all the time? But having 4 wheels which a car has makes the car safer. But you are only safe as safe as the driver is. But not everyone is a safe driver things happen all the time without knowing. Finally, there are many differences between cars and motorcycles. But as we have learned there is the cost of motorcycles which is a lot less than the cost of cars. The comfort of cars how they are more roomy compared to a motorcycle which can be less comforting with all the motorcycle gear on and the small leather seat. And lastly we learned about the safety of driving a car as compared to a motorcycle learning that neither one is safer than the other and that we all get into accidents at one time or another.

Raed Hassan nabawy Essay

Obtaining an opportunity in your organization. I hope this will greatly improve my technical skills and further develop my experience. Experience NOV 2007- SEP 2012 unton National sank Dubai (IJAE) Senior Relationship Officer As Relationship Manager you will help people get the most from their money, make the right choices and make their money work for them. Often working for a bank or building society, you’d be the number one resource for customers to get advice on their account. This would range from their account details to advice on the best financial service for them. You’d have to assess each individual customer’s needs and accounts as well as generating new business and clients. Speaking with customers would be a large part of your day to day work, either over the phone, on the internet or face to face. You’d set up a meeting with them, discuss their financial needs and details and keep records, negotiate over financial products and keep your customers well informed and advised at all times. It would be important for you to keep up to date with the latest products, services and financial laws so you can give reliable advice. You will also be expected to meet sales targets, by offering them to clients and also drawing in new ones to increase business. 2004-2007 Mercedes-Benz Shuwaikh Kuwait Sales & Customer Service Making all invoices for the vans and trucks. Office Administration Responsible for shipmen for all vehicles and vans. Selling Vans and Trucks during Sales agents’ vacation. Correspondence with the HO in Germany for shipment. Handle with Clint after sale Solve the pro Education Languages Soft Skills blem tor customer Courses Studies Computer: Master Degree (MBA) Still study Graduation date : July 2003 College: modern academy Department: business administration English Grade: good with honor. Rank: Third Arabic : Mother Tongue English: Fluent French: Basic Outgoing personality. Good communication ; Organizational skills. Natural or professional selling skills. Excellent Interpersonal ; presentational skills. Organized, able to work under stress. Teachable, tactful and self-motivated. Ability to work in a group or individually according to the Job Body Language and Charisma , Union National Bank Introduction in Union National Bank English Grammar for everyday use, Union National Bank How to attract your prospect? , Union National Bank Selling Smarter, Union National Bank Sales Steps, Union National Bank Microsoft Windows Microsoft Office (Access, Word, Excel, PowerPoint) requirements

[pic]Jennifer Auvenshine Essays - Introd, Pic Language, Desmiphorini

[pic]Jennifer Auvenshine Essays - Introd, Pic Language, Desmiphorini [pic]Jennifer Auvenshine PBS300 - Introduction to Crime and Deviance Colorado State University - Global Campus Lisa A. Hoston November 5, 2017 Mod 4: Biological and Psychological Theories When it comes to criminology, many theories attempt to explain what makes a person deviant. Biological theorists point the finger at genes passed from parent to child and issues within the brain, while psychological theorists believe personality and the external factors that influence personality development are to blame. Personally, I believe that both biological and psychological factors play an essential role in how a person behaves, criminal or not. The Great Debate, Biological versus Psychological Biological theories to explain criminal behavior have been around for centuries, most of which have now been debunked. However, modern biological theories focus on a wide range of factors that are not only related to genetics, but also environmental influences such as diet, head injuries, complications that affect the nervous system, and exposure to toxins such as lead. Biological theorists do not claim that there is a specific gene responsible for criminal behavior, acknowledging in their studies that there is an interaction between biological factors and an individual's environment (Hagen, 2013). Several studies utilized twins and adopted children to prove that genetics have a direct effect on criminal behavior. While study findings are mixed in twin studies, in Dalgard and Kringlen's 1975 study, they found similar patterns concerning criminal behavior in monozygotic (identical) twins (Hagen, 2013). Adoption studies took on the classic Nature versus Nurture debate, aiming to find out of a child's behavior was more closely linked to the adoptive or biological parents. In 1972, Schlesinger found that criminality in adopted boys was higher when their biological fathers were criminals. Another study that took place in Copenhagen between 1972 and 1941 found that a father's criminality was also a good predictor of a child's behavior. Alternatively, in 1974, Crowe did not find any differences between adoptees and a control group, aside from a link to psychopathic personalities. Crowe did, however, admit that his study may be flawed due to problems with small samples (Hagen, 2013). Crowe's study is not unique in its issues. Most twin/adoption studies only involve a small number doe cases and face other issues such as unsystematic and uncontrolled samples, reliance on official records rather than blood serum group samplings, and the possibility of similar environmental treatment, such as twins growing up in identical conditions (Hagen, 2013). Other theories that show promising information have their problems as well. The XYY theory speculated that males born with an extra Y chromosome were predisposed to aggressive and violent behavior, and while one study suggested that a larger portion of incarcerated criminals possessed the extra Y chromosome, another found no difference. Furthermore, inmates who did possess an extra Y chromosome were found to be less violent than their incarcerated counterparts (Hagen, 2013). Sociobiology is another interesting perspective that "insists on the genetic basis for human behavioral differences" (Hagen, 2013, p. 138), stating that a person's reaction to any given situation is modified by biochemistry and cellular reactions in the brain. One study suggests that brain injury at birth contributes to criminality and another found that children with ADHD are at high risk for delinquency (Hagen, 2013). When considering that the brain regulates emotion and impulse control, while untreated ADHD causes impulsivity and ADHD medications can cause aggression, it is hard to argue with these findings. Although, they too are pulled from limited case studies, and the research is limited by small samples, is over-reliant on already incarcerated subjects, and often have poor sampling procedures (Hagen, 2013). Psychological Theories Psychology focuses on an individual's personality, behavior, and their mind, which leads many adherents to the psychological approach to criminality to focus more on the rehabilitation of criminals than the causes of their criminality (Hagen, 2013). Sigmund Freud viewed the person as being made of three parts: id, ego, and superego. The id is the instinctive, animal self, while the superego is the refined part that seeks to be accepted by society, and the ego is the referee between the conflicting id and superego. Some followers of Freud believe that the inability to control instincts is due to an inadequate ego and superego. Others proport that crime is a substitute response to the primary goals being blocked, while others say that crime is committed when an individual has an unconscious desire to be punished (Hagen, 2013). Psychometry, a field that is dedicated to measuring the psychological differences in criminals and non-criminals, has been unable to find conclusive evidence of specific personality traits

11

E.B. White's Prophetic 1948 Essay That Anticipated 9/11 In the first paragraph, drawn from the opening of Here Is New York, E.B. White approaches the city through a simple pattern of classification. In the next two paragraphs, taken from the end of the essay, White hauntingly anticipates the terror that would visit the city more than 50 years later. Notice Whites habit of putting keywords in the most emphatic spot in a sentence: the very end. This is an excerpt from Whites piece on New York first published in 1948.  Here Is New York also appears in Essays of E.B. White (1977). Here Is New York There are roughly three New Yorks. There is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born there, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size, its turbulence as natural and inevitable. Second, there is the New York of the commuter - the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night. Third, there is New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of something. Of these trembling cities, the greatest is the last - the city of final destination, the city that is a goal. It is this third city that accounts for New York’s high strung disposition, its poetical deportment, its dedication to the arts, and its incomparable achievements. Commuters give the city its tidal restlessness, natives give it solidity and continuity, but the settlers give it passion. Whether it is a farmer arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference. Each embraces New York with the intense excitement of first love, and each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison Company. The city, for the first time in its long history, is destructible. A single flight of planes no bigger than a wedge of geese can quickly end this island fantasy, burn the towers, crumble the bridges, turn the underground passages into lethal chambers, cremate the millions. The intimation of mortality is part of New York now; in the sounds of jets overhead, in the black headlines of the latest editions. All dwellers in cities must live with the stubborn fact of annihilation; in New York, the fact is somewhat more concentrated because of the concentration of the city itself, and because, of all targets, New York has a certain clear priority. In the mind of whatever perverted dreamer might loose the lightning, New York must hold a steady, irresistible charm. Selected Works by E.B. White Every Day Is Saturday, essays (1934)Quu Vadimus? or, The Case for the Bicycle,   essays and stories (1939)One Mans Meat, essays (1944)Stuart Little, childrens fiction (1945)Charlottes Web, childrens fiction (1952)The Second Tree From the Corner,   essays and stories (1954)The Elements of Style,   by William Strunk (1959)Essays of E.B. White (1977)Writings From The New Yorker, essays (1990) 11 On the morning of September 11th, 2001, four Boeing passenger jets were hijacked within an hour by nineteen Arab terrorists armed with box cutters. Pilots among these terrorists took control of the commercial planes and changed course towards targets in New York City and Washington D.C. Two of the planes were deliberately crashed into the nations political and financial centers, causing fires within the towers, which melted the steel support structures, thereby causing the buildings to collapse completely. A third airplane was deliberately crashed into the Pentagon. Passengers on the fourth plane overpowered the hijackers and caused the airplane to crash in Pennsylvania. This was an attack on America planned and directed by Osama Bin Laden as the leader of Al-Qaeda, a previously obscure anti-U.S. international terrorist organization composed of mainly Arabs. This horrible tragedy crippled the airline industry and shook America’s sense of security. After this horrible attack A mericans suffered not only physically but psychologically also. Because of the September 11 terrorist attacks, Americans were affected in five key ways, which in turn will affect American society in the way it responds, reacts, and recovers. The first way that Americans were affected by the 9/11 attacks was the role that the media played by showing detailed coverage to American citizens. This caused Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in some Americans that watched the terrible acts unfold. Jennifer Ahern and Sandro Galea, wrote that â€Å"Exposure to graphic television images may exacerbate psychological symptoms in disaster situations. We tested the hypothesis that more frequent viewing of television images of the September 11 terrorist attacks was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and that direct exposure to disaster events had a interactive effect with media viewing (1). We recruited 1,008 adults of the borough of Manhattan of... 11 Free Essays on 9/11 On the morning of September 11th, 2001, four Boeing passenger jets were hijacked within an hour by nineteen Arab terrorists armed with box cutters. Pilots among these terrorists took control of the commercial planes and changed course towards targets in New York City and Washington D.C. Two of the planes were deliberately crashed into the nations political and financial centers, causing fires within the towers, which melted the steel support structures, thereby causing the buildings to collapse completely. A third airplane was deliberately crashed into the Pentagon. Passengers on the fourth plane overpowered the hijackers and caused the airplane to crash in Pennsylvania. This was an attack on America planned and directed by Osama Bin Laden as the leader of Al-Qaeda, a previously obscure anti-U.S. international terrorist organization composed of mainly Arabs. This horrible tragedy crippled the airline industry and shook America’s sense of security. After this horrible attack A mericans suffered not only physically but psychologically also. Because of the September 11 terrorist attacks, Americans were affected in five key ways, which in turn will affect American society in the way it responds, reacts, and recovers. The first way that Americans were affected by the 9/11 attacks was the role that the media played by showing detailed coverage to American citizens. This caused Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in some Americans that watched the terrible acts unfold. Jennifer Ahern and Sandro Galea, wrote that â€Å"Exposure to graphic television images may exacerbate psychological symptoms in disaster situations. We tested the hypothesis that more frequent viewing of television images of the September 11 terrorist attacks was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and that direct exposure to disaster events had a interactive effect with media viewing (1). We recruited 1,008 adults of the borough of Manhattan of...

Castles and Kings Crumble

A cold fear jumped out of my throat. It's not my fault, but I know that I messed up this job, but fat ladd decided not to let go of Coca-Cola slowly. Regardless of the reason, he still has to blame me, otherwise I did not answer my phone. Okay, I have it for now. I took the phone. Molan, the voice on the other side of the line, said that the tone is tightly cut. I think that this is unusual for Smith. Smith usually sounds like a cold frog. Edward issued an order to demand the Queen to protect Wales: defend 400 soldiers in Cardiff, defend the harbor, re-release felonies, and take them to the defense of Kelfri Castle Please give me. This is a waste of time. His powers have collapsed so far, he has been ignored. He drowned and the castle could last for a few months but could not last forever. Without fear of being counterattacked, the queen can betray the castle as long as he is hungry. Forced to surrender, Hugh will be executed, it may be terrible. Regarding Edward, he knows that death often happened to the royalty. It is essential to change the rules of the game The theme of the collapsed haunted castle, which has greatly contributed to the definition of the Gothic style, is an important feature of Horace Walpole's Otranto Castle (1764). In the postpot work, there was a large, divided house symbolizing the destruction of the human body. These emotions concentrate on Roderick Usher suffering from anonymous diseases like many Ellen Points. Like a storyteller of the heart of storytelling, his illness caused his overactive sensation. This disease appears in the body, but it is based on the spirit and moral status of Roderick. He is suggested to be sick because he wants to get sick according to his family medical history, hence basically depression. Likewise, he wanted to buried a living person and wanted to make his own self-realizing prophecy, he filled his living sister. Still, they live in the castle. This is a partially destroyed old castle, near the Norman Towe r. Family living in a castle - even a collapsing family - how can it become poor? Well, the castle is a lease, on the one hand their presence sounds miserable. Smith does not shy away from describing old and more tailored clothes with their slight meal (bread and margarine, or cold Brussels bean sprouts and rice - eggs are treats). The castle is cold and ventilated, selling most of the furniture, and unless Moto Main writes another book, everyone must wait until Thomas finishes his research and finds a job . According to the definition of our castle, we say that this castle is a good place for fortification and defense. But why did the king, nobility, his family, supporters feel that they needed to live in the castle during the Middle Ages? Because the castle is a place to protect, the people living there will have to worry about being attacked. There are three main reasons why the king or baron want to live in the castle. - Of the three risks listed here, the need to control civil war threats or population is the main reason most castles are built in Europe. A foreign invasion has occurred, but it is safe to say that many castles could not be built due to the fear of foreign invasions. People on the South and East Coast of the UK such as Dover and Port Chester

Relationships of Power Featured in Virginian Luxuries Assignment

Relationships of Power Featured in Virginian Luxuries - Assignment Example In Tocqueville book, the unequal power relationship is revealed as he states that among those families of men, the first to attract attention, superior in intelligent and in power are white people. Negros and Indians appear below them. The blacks of United States had lost the remembrance of their countries and stopped talking the language of their forefathers and had ceased to be African. There is an unequal power among the groups as the less privileged races are to adopt the cultures and the beliefs of the white community (Johnson). . The Future that Tocqueville Predicted for These Groups The three groups’ future was not great, according to Tocqueville. He states that he believed that Indians nations in North America were doomed to perish, and the race will have ceased to exist. He said that the Indians will die in the same isolated state they had lived. The destiny of the blacks was interwoven with that of the Europeans. He didn’t see great future for the three groups because Indians did not want to conform to the European culture and opted to die with their civilization. While blacks though willing to adapt to the culture were still viewed as slaves. Tocqueville predicted the whites and blacks will never mix with equality or even with civility. The two races, blacks, and Europeans were fastened to each other without intermingling and are unable to separate or to combine. He saw the possibility of black and white racial conflict in the South in the future (Johnson).

Emerging Technologies that address interoperability issues in an Essay

Emerging Technologies that address interoperability issues in an e-business environment - Essay Example New technologies have been introduced through e-commerce to give a wider exposure and innovate new ways of conducting businesses, which has introduced a new dimension in technology known as E-business. E-business’s presence is important for expansion in business, dissemination of information and access to physically inaccessible markets. In today’s dynamic world, companies spent heavily on their IT departments for the technical support to smoothly run their e-commerce activities. Companies even develop strategies through e-business to reduce cost of the business, expand sales and increase customer services and satisfaction in the long run. E-business is widely used for many business purposes like product research, order entry; customer’s related matters like support, services, communication, inquiry, invoicing etc., outbound and inbound logistics. E-commerce has revolutionized not only businesses but every aspect of life; the world is now a click away. (Ray, 3) C hallenge from the Competitor in E-Business Environment including Supply Chain Due to increased e-business services and advancement in IT related matters, competition has geared up in every sector tremendously. Nowadays, competition has intensified due to e-business activity like business to business (B2B) or business to consumer (B2C) transactions or transactions that incur after sale. These facilities and easiness to conduct business has caused cost efficiency which has attracted more competition in every sector. Increased Competition Due to Low Entry Barriers Due to tremendous benefits offered by the e-business, the competition has increased, which has affected business in many ways. The e-business has lowered market entry barriers and it is now comparatively very easy to enter business than it was previously. Initially, large investments and established contacts were needed to start up a business which is now replaced by easy entry in to the markets which is now a click away. Thi s has made competition severe and is a threat to many established business. The internet as a medium to exchange information has made customers close to the businesses which has brought great challenges to the existing businesses. Now there is a continuous threat to every business that another business established in no time can take away its customers. Thirdly, globalization has added to the increasing competition. Internet allows the customers to exchange information anywhere in the world, which has made the businesses of the world compete with each other. (United Nations, 142) Continuous Cost Reduction Due to e-business, the markets now seem to be more of a perfect market where there are many competitors striving to gain their positions. In such a market, cost leaders prevail. Due to closed links of customers and suppliers in the supply chain, cost reduction is an achievable task in today’s business and many business strategies are based on this. In this cost reduction rac e, every business has to continuously work on its cost reduction strategies in order to compete effectively. Secondly, the transaction costs are reduced for the customers due to extensive information available over the internet. This also puts up a pressure on the businesses to increase their presence over the internet. (United Nations,

Love - Language and Memory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love - Language and Memory Paper - Essay Example Memory, one of the most intriguing components of the human psyche, have been studied and even subcategorized by countless scholars throughout the decades. Among the most notable theories of its categories is the issue regarding semantic memory and it link to language production. Several questions can be deliberated when looking upon this specific interaction of memory and language. Is memory, more specifically semantic memory, the sole reference with which language is formed and structured? How does semantic memory affect the production of language? More importantly, will language be able to survive without semantic memory? And is it possible that both language and semantic memory dependently coexists in some aspects? This article will try to detail the important facets of language and its relationship with semantic memory. Before we delve into the dynamics of language and semantic memory, let us first define the psychological concept that is memory. Memory can be described as â€Å"the capacity that permits organisms to benefit from their past experiences.†(Tulving, 1985, p.385). Procedural memory enables organisms to retain learned connection between stimuli and responses including those involving complex stimulus patterns and response chains, and to respond adaptively to the environment. Semantic memory is characterized by the additional capability of internally representing states of the world that are not perceptually present... Episodic memory affords the additional capability of acquisition and retention of knowledge about personally experienced events and their temporal relations in subjective time and ability to mentally â€Å"travel back† in time. (p.386). Memory is made up of a number of interrelated systems, organized structures of operating components consisting of neural substances and their behavioural and cognitive correlates. A ternary classificatory scheme of memory is proposed in which procedural, semantic, and episodic memory

Management principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management principle - Essay Example Leadership is essential in management as it spells out a clear vision that others work towards and formulates the strategies of realising that dream. Management can only be easy and effective if people work together and have the same purpose (Bolman, 2013:78). Efficiency holds time and task into consideration as activities in the organisation are undertaken while effectiveness focuses more on the impact of the activity or the result it has yielded. Efficiency is all about the cost and process under which the task was operated while effectiveness is about the result the activity has produced. In the modern society it would be better for an organisation if it can have both efficiency and effectiveness in its operations but if both can’t be achieved the ‘effectiveness’ is much preferred. This is because in these modern times no one would want to rush things over and end up with a poor result. It would rather be a little bit slow but produce real results. Saving cost should only be if the result is guaranteed and that the reason why technology is expensive but it guarantees good results (Chermack, 2011:55). Centralisation and decentralisation are two opposing business structures based on power to make decisions. In centralised organisations, directives and decisions to the conduct and activities in that organisation are made by a single individual probably the business proprietor like in tiny business while decentralisation is the vesting of power to make decisions and provide management directives on different people in the company such as the departmental managers among others (Chermack, 2011:44). This structural outline varies depending on the business or company. Formal planning is the clearly lucid and well thought-out and prepared ideas about individual or organisational objectives and precisely spelt out methods and procedures of achieving them

Hiring and Firing Staff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hiring and Firing Staff - Essay Example Companies need to hire staffs for expansion program or simply to fill vacancies. In line with this activity, employers try to define corporate standards in order to perform successfully and achieve its goals. Hiring qualified applicants to perform the job is one. The applicants in order to perform the task need to pass the standard. It is therefore thought that the search criteria set by employers is the essence of hiring standards (Outtz, 2005, p.201-336). In a very dynamic job like sales, in hiring an agent for instance, it is important to understand the skills, attitudes, interests and motivations of the applicant (Butler, 2004). Applicants with desirable qualities suited to company standard have the chance of getting hired and to sign a contract. Within this contract a certain relationship is developed between employer and employee as further enhanced by obligations and economic aspects (Holland and Burnett, 2007, p. 17-50). There are different ways involved in hiring the best an d qualified employee for the job. Thus, it is important to know the process involved in it. Zoltners et al. (2001, p.160-190) discussed six steps involved in the hiring process especially on a very dynamic group. Hiring process especially on sales force requires the job definition as the first step, then candidates profile, applicant pool, selection, attraction and evaluation and improvement. The whole steps involved in this hiring process according to Zoltners et al. (2001, p.160-190) affect the quality of the hired employees.

Love - Language and Memory Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Love - Language and Memory Paper - Essay Example Memory, one of the most intriguing components of the human psyche, have been studied and even subcategorized by countless scholars throughout the decades. Among the most notable theories of its categories is the issue regarding semantic memory and it link to language production. Several questions can be deliberated when looking upon this specific interaction of memory and language. Is memory, more specifically semantic memory, the sole reference with which language is formed and structured? How does semantic memory affect the production of language? More importantly, will language be able to survive without semantic memory? And is it possible that both language and semantic memory dependently coexists in some aspects? This article will try to detail the important facets of language and its relationship with semantic memory. Before we delve into the dynamics of language and semantic memory, let us first define the psychological concept that is memory. Memory can be described as â€Å"the capacity that permits organisms to benefit from their past experiences.†(Tulving, 1985, p.385). Procedural memory enables organisms to retain learned connection between stimuli and responses including those involving complex stimulus patterns and response chains, and to respond adaptively to the environment. Semantic memory is characterized by the additional capability of internally representing states of the world that are not perceptually present... Episodic memory affords the additional capability of acquisition and retention of knowledge about personally experienced events and their temporal relations in subjective time and ability to mentally â€Å"travel back† in time. (p.386). Memory is made up of a number of interrelated systems, organized structures of operating components consisting of neural substances and their behavioural and cognitive correlates. A ternary classificatory scheme of memory is proposed in which procedural, semantic, and episodic memory

Hiring and Firing Staff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hiring and Firing Staff - Essay Example Companies need to hire staffs for expansion program or simply to fill vacancies. In line with this activity, employers try to define corporate standards in order to perform successfully and achieve its goals. Hiring qualified applicants to perform the job is one. The applicants in order to perform the task need to pass the standard. It is therefore thought that the search criteria set by employers is the essence of hiring standards (Outtz, 2005, p.201-336). In a very dynamic job like sales, in hiring an agent for instance, it is important to understand the skills, attitudes, interests and motivations of the applicant (Butler, 2004). Applicants with desirable qualities suited to company standard have the chance of getting hired and to sign a contract. Within this contract a certain relationship is developed between employer and employee as further enhanced by obligations and economic aspects (Holland and Burnett, 2007, p. 17-50). There are different ways involved in hiring the best an d qualified employee for the job. Thus, it is important to know the process involved in it. Zoltners et al. (2001, p.160-190) discussed six steps involved in the hiring process especially on a very dynamic group. Hiring process especially on sales force requires the job definition as the first step, then candidates profile, applicant pool, selection, attraction and evaluation and improvement. The whole steps involved in this hiring process according to Zoltners et al. (2001, p.160-190) affect the quality of the hired employees.

Identity and Belonging Essay Example for Free

Identity and Belonging Essay This expository piece draws upon the context ‘Identity and Belonging’ in conjunction with personal memoirs from Alice Pung’s ‘Growing up Asian in Australia’. The purpose of this piece is to explore and invite my audience to experience what it is like to be the subject of isolation due to differences in appearance, language and culture and to point out the internal struggles people have while trying to discover their true identity whilst in the presence of others. I have referred to a number of stories from Alice Pung’s novel such as Towards manhood, a call to arms and sticks and stones and such like; all of which outline the issue of not being able to express oneself in the presence of others. The language used in this feature article is that of a formal and serious tone that reflects hardship of migrants and people who struggle to discover their true identity and a sense of belonging Essay In a diverse world where there is no conventional group to which we all belong it can be hard to find a concrete group where we can feel a sense of belonging and confidence to express ones true identity. The presence of others whether it is family or friends effects the way we act in certain situations and groups and causes us to reluctantly have several identities. However they may not always be our true identity but put-on in order to satisfy others and act in accordance to what they expect of us. We can create a new identity by changing our appearance, clothes and position in a group however in the process we may lose sight and become confused about who we really are and what identity is appropriate for different groups. It is not always easy to be our self in the presence of peers and family and living up to their expectations when you are confused about you own identity and sexuality. In the story ‘Towards Manhood’ the main character Benjamin found it challenging to be himself in the company of other because of his sexuality and not being able to conform to other’s expectations. He used his Asian appearance and identity to hide the fact that he was gay and he pretended to like a girl so his peers wouldn’t think he was â€Å"a comprised failure of a man†. However when he confesses his sexuality to his mother, who surprisingly acknowledges that her son was gay and that â€Å"something went wrong in the womb† he begins to accept and come to terms with who he is. It is through the acceptance of other that are closest to you that you get a sense of belonging and security and for Benjamin this was his family and his boyfriend Scott. It is also difficult to be ourselves in the company of others when your physical appearance and culture are dissimilar. Having a robust ethnic background can act upon the ability to fit into a foreign culture and way of life, but also it can affect the way others perceive us. In the story ‘A call to Arms’ Michelle found it hard to fit in because of the constant strain between Chinese heritage and Australian upbringing. Michelle felt a great deal of isolation because the Australian people weren’t accustomed to her appearance and her culture, â€Å"M y life seemed so incredibly abnormal compared to everyone else I knew† which often left her victimised by her peers. Michelle began to be ashamed of her culture around the presence of her peers and she began to lose her sense of identity and belonging. However on her trip to Hong Kong she â€Å"felt something she had never experienced before, and something I certainly never consciously been seeking: acceptance†. Everything that wasn’t accepted back in Australia â€Å"no longer incited automatic embarrassment† and she was able to express her culture without being looked down upon. It wasn’t until she tried to communicate to other in Chinese that she realised that only her appearance fitted in and finally acknowledges that both cultures shaped her identity. Our heritage and upbringing can place a great deal of stress when trying to conform to others and discover our own identity. It can leave us feeling isolated when around people that are different and not immune to your culture however sometimes people create a new identity in order to down play their culture and ethnic origins. Having a strong ethnic heritage can sometimes urge people to create a new identity in order to feel a sense of connection and belonging with the societies around them. In the memoir ‘Sticks and stones and such like’ Sunil attempts to create an identity that is accepted by the Australian culture and does this by changing his name to one that is easily pronounced by his fellow peers and is considered to be an Anglo- white majority name. Sunil creates multiple identities in order to fit into a Majority Australian- white school and along the way sacrifices and betrays his culture. After changing his name Sunil feels a sense of acceptance and anonymity among his white peers. However when Sunil’s mother finds out, she is dismayed that her son would give up his culture in order to feel a sense of belonging amongst his friends. After finding out about the origins of his name and why his mother treasured it so much, Sunil begins to rediscover his ethnic identity and finally accepts his own name and finds a sense of belonging. By having a different name that is unfamiliar to the people around you can sometimes give a sense of isolation and highlight the culture barriers between people. Often many ethnic people change their name in order to conform and make it easier to pronounce for the people that are unaccustomed to their language and culture and by taking on another name, they also create a new identity and clear any stereotypes of that race. We cannot always be our self in the company of others and that urges us to take on another identity. People often create a false identity on social networking sites in order to create a person that is desired by peers and also random people. People who are discriminated against or behold a sense of isolation because of differences in appearance and culture often create a profile online of how they want to appear to others and by creating a false identity that they can hide behind can give them a sense of belonging to a group and acceptance. We cannot always be ourselves in the company of others which often leads to false identities being created and a sense of not fitting in. The presence of other determines the identities in which we take on or want to be perceived as however this can also lead to a misinterpretation of their real identity and also sacrifices of heritage and culture.

The Concept Of Haccp And Risk Analysis Biology Essay

The Concept Of Haccp And Risk Analysis Biology Essay Food safety is an important issue. The trust of consumers, food safety and quality, and this will be they expected to. Consumers also expect to be able to provide the information; you can help them make informed decisions about the composition of the food, this information, whether it is on the product label or by advertising, not false or misleading. Food safety is a discipline to be describing the handling, preparation and storage food to prevent food borne illnesses. The statistics on food borne illness speak for themselves. Regulatory officials and their management of retail and food service industry must cooperate the other side, if we want to prevent or reduce food borne illness. This Manual was prepared by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in partnership with federal, state and local regulatory agencies, industry, academia and consumers, to help you operators of the retail and food service establishments, your efforts to produce safe food. This includes man y routines of that should be followed to prevent potentially severe of the health hazards. In this line of thought is the safety of the track between the industry and the market, between the market and consumers. Considerations in food safety, including consideration of industry market practices, the origin of the food, including on food label, food hygiene and food of the additives, as well as biotechnology and food policies and government import and export management guidelines for food inspection and certification system. Consider the market of consumer behavior, it is usually thought that the food should be on the market should be safe, concern consumer food safe delivery and preparation. 2.0 Answer of Question 1 As a food safety expert, what considerations that needs to advocate to ensure a food safe facility is the steps of receive until serving are the most important part. When you have followed the steps nicely then it can avoid from being affect by bacteria. And if you already follow the steps then it will sure your food will be cleanness and healthier. The steps for the food safe facility are very important. Below retail on common steps, in order to assist in your decision-making, and steps you through the procedures in this document. All of the steps are receiving, storage, preparation, cooking, cooling, reheating, holding and serving. 2.1 Receiving The receiving food safety is an important step. In the receiver, the main concern is the contamination of pathogens, and the formation of harmful toxins. The importance of the proposed control measures in steps are rapidly into cold storage at the proper temperature and food spoilage of food and access to food, food additives and packaging materials from legitimate sources. Ready to eat, potentially hazardous food received special attention. This will not be cooked before the food service, the growth of pathogenic bacteria, refrigerated in this step, the food can be eaten at any time can be considered to be an important risk. Prerequisite programs, in order to control the temperature of the product is generally of the hazard, these products are mostly in the receiving sufficient control. At a suitable temperature, and when it arrives, if there is a potential danger if it is at a temperature of 5Â °C or below freezing, if it is at a temperature of 60Â °C or above heat and it is the frozen hard, rather than partially thawed. When this problem happens, then reject potentially dangerous food to pass internal temperature between 5Â °C and 60Â °C. Unless the supplier can prove a time segment, in which the food has been at 5Â °C and 60Â °C not impair food security. In addition to checking the temperature of the product, you should check the appearance, smell, color and condition of the packaging. 2.2 Storage When the food in refrigerated storage, food safety management system should focus on maintain temperature control to limit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that may be present, in the preparation of food products and store food, such as ready to eat foods, cross-contamination of raw animal foods to prevent. When determining the storage temperature and the frequency of monitoring in refrigeration products, you may decide to set the temperature lower than what is required by local regulations. Set temperature is lower than what your regulatory requirements, the bacteria begin to grow small upward bias temperature detected by frequent monitoring, can be quickly corrected. For example, if you are storing potentially dangerous, ready to eat food under refrigeration, you may decide to set critical limits of the refrigeration unit to run in 38Â °F. This provides a safety cushion, you have the opportunity to see the trend of more than 41Â °F and the appropriate corrective measures to inte rvene before the bacteria begin to grow to dangerous levels. Ready to eat food, it is best to check the temperature inside the control procedures. You should assess whether it is realistic and feasible for you to do this depends on your food storage volumes. You can choose your monitoring system based on air temperature refrigeration equipment as a prerequisite for the program. How often you should monitor the air temperature depends on your capacity and the use of refrigeration equipment and the number and type of food stored in the cold storage units. 2.3 Preparation Of all the operational steps, preparation has the greatest variety of activities that should be controlled, monitored, and in some cases, documented. This is impossible, including a summary of the manual covers a variety of menus, the skills of the staff and facilities design, influence the preparation of food. The preparation step may involve a plurality of procedures, including thawing, mixing together ingredients cutting, chopping, slicing, or breading. Preparatory steps, the premise of the program can be developed, to control some of the hazards, and assist in the implementation of food safety management system, to minimize the growth of bacteria and from the staff and equipment contamination. Prepared in small quantities for controlling bacteria growth it because the restriction of the amount of food prepared is an important tool that allows the growth temperature, maintained at the time of food minimized. The pre-planning of the volume of the food and minimize the time for prep aring the desired time the food is in the dangerous temperature region, the steps in this operation. The thawing of the frozen food products to maintain the proper temperature and time management is the primary control, to minimize bacterial growth. Procedures should be in place to reduce the potential for microbial, chemical and physical contamination during thawing. 2.4 Cooking Animal derived food cooking is the most effective steps to reduce or eliminate biological contamination. Cooking time specified to the proper temperature will kill most harmful bacteria and parasites. Therefore, frequent cooking temperature monitoring, it is strongly recommended. You should be determined to ensure that the proper cooking temperature and time to achieve the best system to use. Cooking raw animal foods, special consideration should be given to the time and temperature. In the development of the HACCP plan or prerequisite, it is important to understand the critical limit is a particular product in the cooking steps. For example, security cooking temperature or time for the poultry is 165Â °F is 15 seconds; 15 seconds with 155Â °F minced beef is safe cooking temperature. 2.5 Cooling If you want to cook, you intend after cooling and the use of potentially hazardous food, and then you need food cooled to 5Â °C or lower temperature as quickly as possible. Possible, even if it has been cooked foods cause food poisoning bacteria. These bacteria are able to grow faster cooling time limit or the formation of toxins. Cooling cooked potentially hazardous food, within a period of cooling food are from 60Â °C 21Â °C within in two hours and from 21Â °C to 5Â °C within a further four hours. This means that you have a cold food for up to six hours, from 60Â °C to 5Â °C or below. If you do not know how your food fast cooling, using a probe thermometer to measure the most warm food usually in the center section. Rapid cold food, break it down into smaller parts in shallow containers. Be careful not to contaminate the food when you do so. 2.6 Reheating If the food does not correct the temperature is maintained at a sufficiently long time, the pathogens have the opportunity to breeding dangerous figures. Appropriate reheating provides an important control to eliminate these organisms. Remember although proper reheating will kill most organisms of concern, it does not eliminate the toxins in the body, such as Bacillus cereus food borne viruses produce. Immediate use of any potentially hazardous food has been held between 5Â °C and 60Â °C, and more than two hours, but discarded food, has been held more than 5Â °C and 60Â °C for 4 hours. 2.7 Holding When cooking process to eliminate the bacteria, the spore-forming bacteria should be destroyed. If not at the proper temperature, without temperature control, held at the appropriate time in the cooked food, the rapid growth of this spore-forming bacterium is a big problem. Keeping food products at 135Â °F or above during hot holding and keeping food products at or below 41Â °F is effective in preventing microbial growth. As an alternative, the temperature control details of Food Code action, when used alone as a control, including a comprehensive monitoring and food labeling system to ensure food safety. 2.8 Serving Food before it reaches the customer, which is the last step of the operation. When employees work with food and food contact surfaces, they can easily spread bacteria parasites and viruses. Manage personal hygiene is important to control these hazards. Recommend employees personal health management program, implemented to solve the following proper hand washing procedures, appropriate use of gloves and dispensing utensils and the control bare hand contact with ready to eat food. Specific program recommends that customers self-service displays, such as to protect food from contamination of salad bars and buffets. Special consideration should be given to prevent cross-contamination, contaminated equipment and equipment to minimize pollution customers. 3.0 Conclusion of Question 1 In conclusion, when you cook or have a food then you should follow the steps that mention above. You take positive measures to improve the security you establish food sales. As we know, food is very important for us and it may cause us healthier or death. So that we should follow the steps nicely and make sure that the food is clean and make sure it safe to eat. Bacteria is the most difficult thing to prevent when you want to cook, bacteria will around any place and we cannot feel it or touch it but it can easily make the food become unhealthy. If you follow the steps that mention at above then it sure will help prevent those bacteria and also can easier cook out a healthy food. 1.0 Introduction of Question 2 In order to strengthen food security, food production per stage is from are receiving, storage, preparation, cooking, cooling, reheating, holding and serving strict monitoring should be carried out. Food security has already become important and most of the proprietor or customer will be attach importance to this food security. The HACCP system is a scientific, systematic approach to identify assess and control hazards in the food production process. HACCP system, food safety control integrated design process, rather than relying on the testing of the last product. Therefore, the HACCP system in food safety, it can prevention and cost-effective way. 2.0 Answer of Question 2 The Codex Alimentarius Commission sets out seven principles for the basis of HACCP systems. Applies only to the seven principles of HACCP has completed a preliminary step in the development of the HACCP plan. 2.1 The seven principles of HACCP 2.1.1 Principles 1-Conduct a Hazard Analysis The application of this principle relates to the steps in the listing process and identify significant harm is likely to occur. HACCP team will focus on hazards is to prevent, eliminate or control the HACCP plan. Reported reasons include or exclude the danger, and to determine the possible control measures. 2.1.2 Principles 2-Identify Critical Control Points (CCP) Critical Control Point (CCP) is a point, and it is step or procedure can be applied to control the food safety hazard can be prevented, can be eliminated or can be reduced to an acceptable of a level. HACCP team will use the CCP decision tree to help determine the critical control points in the process. The critical control points can control more than one food safety hazards, or in some cases, it is necessary to control a single dangerous more than one of CCP. CPC needed depends on the number to ensure that the required processing steps and control of food safety. 2.1.3 Principles 3-Establish Critical Limits Critical limits (CL) is a CCP, in order to avoid, eliminate or reduce become an acceptable of a level, biological, chemical or physical parameters of food safety hazards must be controlled at the maximum and or minimum value. Usually a key restriction measures, such as time, temperature, water activity (Aw), pH value, weight, or some other measure is based on the scientific literature and or regulatory standards. 2.1.4 Principles 4-Establish Monitoring Procedures Once you have determined the critical control points and critical limits, need someone to track the critical control point, food flows through operation. Monitoring, including direct observation or measurement of critical control point is under control, insist on the establishment of critical limits. 2.1.5 Principles 5-Establish Corrective Actions Occasional processes or procedures in monitoring critical control points will not be able to comply with the established critical limit. It happens when this step is to establish a plan has not been met in the critical limit to the critical control points. The operator can determine the action of these actions is to convey to the employees, and train them to make the right of the decisions. This preventive are approach to this heart of the HACCP. Problems, but you need to find them, correct them before they lead to illness or injury. 2.1.6 Principles 6-Establish Verification Procedures This principle is to ensure that the system is the science of sound, effective control of hazards. In addition, this step ensures that specified when the system is running according to plan. Specified personal favorite manager regularly observe the activities of staff supervision, calibration equipment and temperature measuring devices, review of records or actions with employees to discuss the program. The purpose of all these activities is to deal with the issue of food security to ensure that the HACCP plan, if not, check to see is it needs to be make it better or modified. 2.1.7 Principles 7-Establish Record Keeping Procedures There are written records or documents needed to verify that systems are still working. This record is usually involved in the HACCP planning and monitoring, corrective action is taken, or calibration records of the operation of the HACCP system in the production. You can also include verification records. Maintenance records, records in the HACCP system is a sustained and effective system is in the place. Record of keeping it should be as simple as possible, so that more staff will have enough time to keep the records. 2.2 Risk Analysis Food safety risk analysis is essential, not only to the production or manufacture of goods and products of the highest quality, to ensure the safety and protection of public health, also in line with international standards and national standards, market regulations. 2.2.1 Risk Assessment The Centre for Food Safety (CFS) of the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department adopts the risk analysis framework promulgated by international food safety authorities in controlling food safety. The risk analysis consists of three functions, namely, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. The risk assessment can control the scientific basis for action. Risk assessment should incorporate the four steps of risk assessment example is hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Experienced in the risk assessment process, with the food or food ingredient hazard assessment and the potential risks of the population to be evaluated in order to develop appropriate risk management measures and risk communication information to protect public health. 2.2.2 Risk Management The risk assessment and risk communication, risk management is an important part of the risk analysis. This introduces a factor of the process of the successful implementation of the risk management needs. It describes the steps to identify and assess food safety risks, evaluate all available options to manage these risks, implementation of risk management decisions, and to ensure that the decision was the most appropriate. Risk management should take a comprehensive view of possible human health risk management. The process of risk management and decision-making should be transparent and appropriate records for different audiences. The risk management needs of a wide range of communication, coordination and collaboration, risk management and risk assessment, and with external stakeholders. 2.2.3 Risk Communication Therefore, if this is very important, in the end what is a food safety risk communication? While risk communication is a very complex subject, it is very simple in nature. Food safety risk communication is a three-step process, began to conduct a risk assessment, food safety scientists and statisticians part of the assessment of the likelihood of public health risk. The second step is risk management, health officials, scientific experts, food manufacturers and retailers work together to determine exactly what steps you need to ensure public safety. The third step is to risk communication, sharing of information and advice, with the consumption of the general public, and with the other parties in the production and preparation of food, food distribution and sales. From their experience in risk communication, International Food Information Council has developed a set of guidelines to help ensure that the right information reaches stakeholders and consumers, enabling them to make infor med decisions about the food they eat, their security. It is Understand and addresses the public concern and communicates with clarity and sympathy. 3.0 Conclusion of Question 2 Nowadays, food safety has become very important. Most of the proprietor and customer are attach importance to the food safety. Because when restaurant make out the food with not safety and the customer having the stale food then it may cause food poison or more serious it also can cause death. So to avoid this thing happen then HACCP is the better way to help you prevent the bacteria. Those seven principles are very important; all of restaurant, supplier should follow the principles to prevent bacteria and provide a healthy food. And then about risk analysis also one of the important thing for us. So, if you want make food safety then you should follow the steps of HACCP with nicely.

Tone Techniques: Dances With Wolves :: Dances With Wolves

Tone Techniques: Dances With Wolves      In his novel, †Dances With Wolves†,   Michael Blake uses several techniques throughout the story to enhance the tone displayed to the reader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blake uses tones that vary from sad, (war times) to happy (victorious.)   Tone can be defined as the emotion or feeling set upon a reader during a novel/short story. Most times, the tone will change. It can change from sad to dramatic, happy to angry, angry to calm, or basically anything else. Tone is important because it sets the theme, or main feeling for the story.   In â€Å"Dances With Wolves†, the tone changes dramatically as the story progresses. In the beginning, Blake gives us a hostile environment. The setting is that Dunbar, a drunk army officer, is assigned to a remote trading post near a tribe of Sioux Indians, his sworn enemies. Communications between them are limited, and the Indian tribe describes white men as â€Å"dumb and useless.†Ã‚   The feeling is mutual, too. White men then considered Indians as barbaric, uncivilized, and also useless. These two groups of people acted extremely hostile towards each other.   But that is sure to change. Dunbar only goes out because he wants to see the frontier, or land that hasn’t been settled. This just so happens to be Indian land. As the story progresses,   Dunbar befriends the tribe, turns against his Northern army, and goes to live with the Sioux. The tone here is a more warm and friendly environment, because Dunbar realizes that his new friends are more civil than men of his own kind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Things really start to turn around when Dunbar’s troops find out that he has joined the Sioux. They trap him and beat him, then make him serve as a slave. Dunbar never ends up going back to the white men’s army.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The way that Blake presents the overall use of tone in this story only makes it more intriguing and exciting. I think the mood that is most prevalent in this novel is a mood of courage, shown mostly by the Indians, but mainly through John Dunbar.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Towards the middle of the story, we find a tone of romance through John and â€Å"Stands With a Fist.

Graduation Speech: I Am Stronger in the Lord :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

As I come to this place in my life I cannot help but think about Lincoln's Farewell Address at Springfield. In many ways it parallels my feelings in graduating from Gilmore Christian School. This is from President Lincoln's address written Feb. 11, 1861: "No one, not in my situation, can appreciate my feelings of sadness at this parting. To this place, and the kindness of these people, I owe everything. Here I have lived a quarter of a century, and have passed from young to an old man. Here my children have been born and one is buried. I now leave, not knowing when or whether ever I may return, with a task before me greater than that which rested upon Washington. Without the assistance of the Divine being whoever attended him, I cannot succeed. With that assistance, I cannot fail. Trusting in Him who can go with me, and remain with you, and be everywhere for good, let us confidently hope that all will be bell. To His care commending you, as I hope in your prayers you will commend me, I bid you an affectionate farewell." Being the only senior at ACS this year has proved to be difficult. It's had ups and downs. But in the end it was all worth it. ACS has given me something no other school would offer: their love and interested in me and my well-being. I am convinced, if they had not had faith in me, I would not be standing here in this place of honor. This past year, more than any before, I have grown closer to and stronger in the Lord. I would like to take this time to thank my family, friends and teachers: Mom, thank you for everything. You have done so much for me in the past 18 years of my life, I don't know where to start. Thank you for loving me through the thick and thin of it all. Mrs. Graber, thank you for not losing hope in me when you probably should have, and most of all thank you for believing in me. It helped so incredibly much. Mrs. Schultz, thank you for your council. Without it I wouldn't have made it past 11th grade. It has been an honor to have you as a teacher for the past three years. Mr. Murray, first of all, thank you for coming to teach here at Gilmore Christian School.

Three Essays

Equal pay and rights for women Women constitute about 50% of global population. Without equal pay and rights for women, they lag behind and that means entire human kind is losing about 50% growth potential. Bring child mortality rate to near zero Mortality rate for under 5-year old children in some under developed countries could run as high as 162 per 1000 according to World Bank data. This rate is quite alarming and shocking in twenty first century. UN should work with NAGS, WHO, UNESCO, respective governments to bring down this rate.UN should take strict measures against countries that discourages proper immunization such as Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria. Sadly, all here of these countries recently reported outbreak of polio. Ensure proper access to and preservation of Every living human being needs to drink safe pure drinking water and pure drinking water. There is no doubt among experts that water would become priciest mineral 20 to 30 years down the road. According to LINE reports, 783 million people don't have access to safe drinking water. Also, there are reports that indicate drinking water storage is shrinking due to climate change.UN should work with all member states, Nags to educate the importance of pure drinking water to general public and take proper measures to ensure everyone's access to pure drinking water. Stop wars and genocide One of the founding charters of GIN is to stop wars. Unfortunately, UN has very limited success here. Recent annexation of Crimea to Russia is a stellar example of how UN failed to do its job in this regard. Genocides in CAR and Syria also remind us how complicated today's political world is, and limited authority GIN has over its member states.UN should be working harder to stop wars and genocides. Ensure democratic free and fair elections in all There are plenty of examples when many member states dictators win over 99% of votes in national elections. Those elections are never held in free and fair manner and w ithout any international election monitoring. These dictators repress against its own citizens, violate basic human rights, and engage wars with neighbors. UN should be strengthening its election monitoring capabilities and sections against states that don't hold free and fair elections.Conclusion: As a global citizen, I think each of the six demands have profound impact on today's world, and world population. UN has some level of successes in many sectors, however, there is more needs to be done for this planet earth and its residents. C. Describe a time when you took a great risk. What was the outcome? Time to take a great risk: I strongly believe life is all about taking calculated risks, insightful planning, smart execution and reaping benefits at the end. Many of my family members have settled in various western countries in pursuit of higher post graduate studies.There is no way I could wait that long to go overseas for higher studies. Since I was 4 or 5 year old, I used to li sten to BBC Bengali service which intrigued me about other cultures, different life styles, languages, and politics. It wasn't matter of if but when. When I was in 9th grade, I decided it was the time to this take this risk and start proper planning. Knew it would be a big sacrifice -living without parents, siblings, relatives, living in an unknown territory and not to mention forking over large sum of tuition fees.Per plan, I applied and got admitted into Notre Dame College (for 10 through 1 2 grade studies), attended few courses at a private university modeled after US colleges etc. It was August 1 998 when I finally got university acceptance letter and visa to go abroad. Sweet outcome: Outcome has been great In a nutshell, to get here had to work hard. I knew how to adapt to a country and culture as I was born and bought up in a Hindu family but Muslim majority county Bangladesh.I have consistently taken double fulfillment course load to lower tuition fee/course, have taken inter nships, on/off campus jobs to earn extra $ to provide for schooling and living expenses. Now I have over ten years of professional experience now in US and have been dealing with world renowned clients like Microsoft, Amazon, Google, and Apple, British telecoms, Swiss railways in my daily routine, and working and selling solutions access the globe. Most of the mimes, can do all these things from my home office. Sometimes, I feel like I have gained more than I bargained for!And theses when I tend to raise the bar and work smarter to reach new goals. Conclusion: In summary, when risky decisions are taken, we would need to make sure we have proper plans [plan A, plan B, even plan C] in place, we need to be flexible and pour our heart and soul to be successful. Have already made my mind to take next risk- to set up boutique IT consulting firms' across the globe in socially and financially challenged parts of the world. I strongly believe entrepreneurial spirit of II global program, vent ure lube and classmates would be extremely helpful in achieving my next big goal!F. You have just participated in an important meeting with your superior. How will you ensure that every part of the instructions you received will properly reach all subordinates, suppliers and clients, located in different parts of the world? During my meeting with my supervisor Mr. â€Å"X†, he informed me that our product license reinitialize rate year over year has gone down by 10% during last fiscal year. He instructed me following: ; Work with account managers to identify clients where license renewal could be at risk

Dominant Price Leadership

ICFAI UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN NAME: KEDAR SINGH TOMAR IUD No: 0901201057 IBS  No: 09BS0001057 Course Name: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Course Code: SLEC501 Faculty Name: DR. ANIRVINNA C. Date of Submission: 08TH SEPTEMBER 2009 Topic of the Assignment: DOMINANT PRICE LEADERSHIP Student Signature  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Faculty Signature DOMINANT PRICE LEADERSHIP Dominant price leadership exists when a. one firm drives the others out of the market. b. the dominant firm decides how much each of its competitors can sell. c. he dominant firm establishes the price at the quantity where its MR = MC, and permits all other firms to sell all they want to sell at that price. d. the dominant firm charges the lowest price in the industry. PRICE LEADER Marketing: Powerful firm whose prices are likely to be imitated by other firms in the same market. Price leaders usually are also the market leaders. DOMINANT LEADERSHIP Leadership characterized by a clear line of authority that gives the leader the power of delegation, and the power to control the subordinates' level of participation in decision making process.It is the most common form of leadership. PRICE LEADERSHIP Situation in which a market leader sets the price of a product or service, and competitors feel compelled to match that price. Oligopoly Models â€Å"Price Leadership† The firms in the Oligopolistic industry without any formal agreement accept the price set by the leading firm in the industry and move their prices in line with the prices of the leader firm. Price Leadership can be in any of the forms; Price Leadership by a Dominant firm Barometric Price Leadership Aggressive or Exploitative Price Leadership The structure of the DTH industry in India can be categorized as an â€Å"Olig opoly†.An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). An oligopoly is a market dominated by a few large suppliers. The degree of market concentration is very high. Firms within an oligopoly produce branded products and there are also barriers to entry. Key characteristics of â€Å"Oligopoly† are following : †¢ Few larger supplier dominates the market †¢ Interdependence between firms †¢ Each firm produces branded products †¢ Significant entry barriers into the market in the long run which allows firms to make supernormal profits †¢ Each oligopolist is aware of he actions of the others. What is DTH? DTH stands for Direct-To-Home television. DTH is defined as the reception of satellite programmes with a personal dish in an individual home. DTH does away with the need for the local cable operator and puts the broadcaster directly in touch with the consumer. Only cable operators c an receive satellite programmes and they then distribute them to individual homes. Dishtv, subsidary of the biggest media conglomerate – Zee group, reached a significant milestone of crossing 4. Million subscriber mark and thus consolidating its leadership position as the largest and most innovative DTH Company in India. Dishtv is the leader in DTH sector with a market share of more than 53 per cent of the total subscriber base of 8 million. Dishtv’s footprint covers 5400 towns across India bringing smiles to 23 million Indians. Reliance communications subsidiary, Big TV, crossed one million subscriber mark within 90 days of launch. Big DTH is growing exponentially and is now next to Dish TV and Tata Sky with its 15 per cent market share.Launched in August this year, BIG TV is available at over one lakh retail outlets across 6,500 towns along with over 2,000 exclusive Reliance branded stores. Dishtv has consistently set the benchmarks for the Indian DTH industry and re defined the business through marketing innovations, introduction of new generation valueadded services and the highest standard of customer delivery. Today, Dishtv offers its subscribers choice and superior value for money with a range of innovative value-added services backed by excellent customer service.The Four Million milestone is not just a significant one for Dishtv but also symbolizes the successful growth of the Indian DTH industry. Dishtv has always been a forerunner in bringing new marketing innovations and going forward the company will initiate certain steps to rationalize the package offerings which may include charging of service tax etc. directly from the subscriber. Adding to its array of interactive value added service, dishtv launched the innovative Interactive Banking Service â€Å"ICICI ACTIVE† in association with ICICI Bank.This service enables Dish TV viewers to access information on ICICI Bank products and services, from the convenience of their homes. To celebrate the festive spirit of Diwali, Dishtv launched â€Å"BHAKTI ACTIVE†. Dishtv subscribers can now get Live Gurbani from Bangla Sahib and Nanded Sahib, Aarti of Sai Baba from Shirdi & Ganesh Aarti from Siddhi Vinayak, Mumbai, Aarti from Tirupati Balaji, Live Ganga Aarti from Haridwar and Bhasm Aarti of Mahakaal from Ujjain. Dishtv customers can now get blessed at the press of a button in the comfort of their home 24X7.Dishtv added 3 new channels on its platform. This addition will further enhance Dishtv’s strong bouquet of general entertainment, news, sports and regional channel offering to its discerning subscribers. The company had added a record 5. 29 Lakh subscribers during the Second Quarter of fiscal 2009 (July – September), breaking all its previous achievements. Dishtv’s footprint covers 6500 towns across India and it reaches into far flung markets which enable building of a diverse subscriber base across consumer segments. STRENGHTS Pio neer and leader of DTH services in India ? First mover advantage One year lead over nearest competitor ? ~ 3-year lead over others ? Largest subscriber base ~ 5. 0 mn (Mar-09) ? Backed by Zee Group India’s strongest Media group Full-service business model ? Basic subscription packs ? Value added services ? Bandwidth ? Teleport services Leveraging on first mover advantage backed by strong industry understanding ? Diversified content offering ? 240 channels + Services ? Content tie-ups at fixed rates ? State-of-the-art infrastructure ? Large distribution network ? Aggressive subscriber acquisition strategy to ensure continued market leadership DTH INDUSTRY MARKET SHARE 2008 | | | |Brand |Promoter |Market Share | | | | | |Dish TV |Zee group |53% | | | | | |TataSky |Tata Sons & Star TV |30% | | | | | |Big TV |Anil Dhirubhai Abani Group |15% | | | | | |Others (Sun Direct, AirTel Digital |Sun by SUN TV |2% | |TV ) |AirTel by Bharati telemedia | | | | | | Another way of confirmi ng it is by using the index Herfindahl.The Herfindahl index, also known as HERFINDAHL-HIRSCHMAN INDEX or HHI, is a measure of the size of firms in relationship to the industry and an indicator of the amount of competition among them. HHI s defined as the sum of the squares of the market shares of 50 largest firms (or summed over all the firms if there are fewer than 50) within the industry, when the market shares are expressed as percentages; the result is proportional to the average market share, weighted by market share. The higher the HHI Index the more oligopolistic is the industry In mathematical term it is defined as following : n H = ? si2 i=1 Where si is the market share of firm i in the market, and n is the number of firms.In the case of Indian DTH Industry the HHI index can be computed by squaring the market share of each player and adding them i. e. H = 532 + 302 + 152 + 22 H = 85399 Since this value of H is petty high it indicates that the market is oligopolistic. SUN TV NETWORK It is No 1 media company in South Asia and Asia Pacific Region based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1993, it offers a plethora of television channels in 4 languages covering the whole of southern India. It was the first fully privately owned Tamil channel in India when it emerged in 1993. Its serials and soaps have generated the maximum TRP for viewership all over India, making it the most popular network of channels in India.All its channels occupy the top spots in their respective languages. Sun TV, in Tamil is the Network's flagship and most popular channel. Being the premier channel, Sun TV is often used to refer cable tv in general or to the Sun TV Network in general. Sun TV and its sister channels have a dominating share of viewership in Tamil Nadu. Its cable arm, SCV is cable distribution and Sun Direct is the dominating DTH (direct-to-home) player in the state. Its radio network Suryan has a lion’s share of listenership; its magazine Kungumum a nd newspaper Dinakaran are leaders Although its main presence is in Tamil, it has channels in other languages also. Channel |Type | |Sun TV |Tamil Entertainment Channel | |Sun Music |Tamil Music Channel | |Sun News |Tamil News Channel | |KANNADA | |CHANNEL |TYPE | |Udaya TV |Kannada Entertainment Channel | |Udaya Movies |Kannada Movie Channel | |U 2 |Kannada Music Channel | |TELUGU | |CHANNEL |TYPE | |Gemini TV |Telugu Entertainment Channel | |Gemini Music |Telugu Music Channel | |Gemini News |Telugu News Channel | MALAYALAM | |CHANNEL |TYPE | |Surya TV |Malayalam Entertainment Channel | |Kiran TV |Malayalam Music Channel | |Kochu TV |Malayalam Kids Channel | |Chiri Thirai |Malayalam Comedy Channel(DTH) | FM RADIO STATIONS Sun TV Network has many FM radio stations based in India |Tamil FM Stations | |Radio Station |Area |Frequency | | |Suryan FM |Chennai |93.   MHz | | |Malayalam FM Stations | |Radio Station |Area |Frequency | | |S FM |Thiruvananthapuram |93. 5  MHz | | |Telugu FM Station | |Radio Station |Area |Frequency | | |S FM |Vishakapatnam |93. 5  MHz | | |Kannada FM Station | |Radio Station |Area |Frequency | | |S FM |Bangalore |93.   MHz | | |Hindi / Other Language FM Station | |Radio Station |Area |Frequency | | |Red FM |New Delhi |93. 5  MHz | | |Red FM |Mumbai |93. 5  MHz | | |Red FM |Kolkatta |93. 5  MHz | | PRINT MEDIA TAMIL NEWSPAPERS Dinakaran – (Daily Morning Newspaper) Tamil Murasu – (Daily Evening Newspaper) WEEKLY TAMIL MAGAZINE Kungumum Mutharam Because of the strong presence of SUN TV in every field whether its print media, TV, Radio and other close competitior in South India it is a clear market leader over there.