Writing Descriptions for a Patent Application

Composing Descriptions for a Patent Application The depiction, along with the cases, is regularly alluded to as the detail. As this word recommends, these are the areas of the patent application where you indicate what your machine or procedure is and how it contrasts from past licenses and innovation. The depiction begins with general foundation data and advances to increasingly more point by point data about your machine or procedure and its parts. By beginning with a diagram and proceeding with expanding levels of detail you direct the peruser to a full portrayal of your protected innovation. You should compose a total and exhaustive portrayal as you can't add any new data to your patent application once it is documented. On the off chance that you are required by the patent analyst to roll out any improvements, you can just make changes to the topic of your innovation that could be sensibly gathered from the first drawings and portrayal. Proficient assistance might be good for guarantee most extreme assurance for your protected innovation. Be mindful so as not to include any deceptive data or discard significant things. Despite the fact that your drawings are not part of the portrayal (drawings are on discrete pages) you ought to allude to them to clarify your machine or procedure. Where proper, remember synthetic and scientific formulae for the depiction. Models - Looking at Other Patents Helps You With Yours Think about this case of a depiction of a collapsible tent edge. The candidate starts by giving foundation data and citing past comparative licenses. The segment at that point proceeds with a synopsis of the creation which gives a general depiction of the tent edge. Following this is a posting of the figures and a point by point portrayal of every component of the tent casing. The portrayal of this patent for an electrical connector is isolated into the depiction of the foundation of the innovation (counting the field of the creation and earlier craftsmanship), a rundown of the development, a short depiction of the drawings {bottom of page}, and a nitty gritty depiction of the electrical connector. The most effective method to Write the Description The following are some how-to directions and tips to help kick you off composing the depiction of your development. At the point when you are happy with the depiction you can start the cases segment of a patent application. Recollect that the portrayal and cases are the greater part of your composed patent application. When composing the depiction, utilize the accompanying request, except if you can portray your creation better or all the more financially in another manner. The request is: TitleTechnical fieldBackground data and earlier artDescription of how your development tends to a specialized problemList of figuresA nitty gritty depiction of your inventionOne case of expected useA ​sequence listingâ (if applicable) To start, it may be useful to simply write down brief notes and focuses to cover from every one of the above headings. As you clean your portrayal into its last structure, you can utilize the layout proposed beneath. Start on another page by expressing the title of your innovation. Make it short, exact and explicit. For instance, if your development is a compound, say Carbon tetrachloride not Compound. Abstain from calling the development after yourself or utilizing the words new or improved. Expect to give it a title that can be found by individuals utilizing a couple of watchwords during a patent searching.Write a wide proclamation that gives the specialized field identified with your invention.Continue by offering foundation data that individuals should: comprehend, look for, or analyze, your invention.Discuss the issues that designers have looked around there and how they have endeavored to settle them. This is frequently called giving the earlier workmanship. The earlier craftsmanship is the distributed group of information that identifies with your creation. It is now that candidates often quote past comparative patents.State when all is said in done terms how your development fathoms one o r a few of these issues. What you are attempting to show is the means by which your innovation is new and extraordinary. Rundown the drawings giving the figure number and a short depiction of what the drawings show. Make sure to allude to drawings all through the point by point portrayal and to utilize a similar reference numbers for each element.Describe your licensed innovation in detail. For a mechanical assembly or item, portray each part, how they fit together and how they cooperate. For a procedure, portray each progression, what you start with, what you have to do to roll out the improvement, and the final product. For a compound incorporate the synthetic equation, the structure and the procedure which could be utilized to make the compound. You have to make the depiction fit all the potential choices that identify with your development. On the off chance that a section can be made out of a few unique materials, say as much. You should expect to portray each part in adequate detail so somebody could imitate at any rate one adaptation of your invention.Give a case of a proposed use for your innov ation. You ought to likewise remember any admonitions of usually utilized for the field that would be important to deflect disappointment. On the off chance that pertinent to your kind of creation, give the arrangement posting of your compound. The succession is a piece of the portrayal and is excluded from any drawings. Perhaps the most ideal approaches to see how to compose a patent for your sort of creation is to investigate as of now gave licenses. Visit the USPTO on the web and do a quest for licenses gave for comparable developments to yours.

20001549402000200660 Essays (912 words) - Laboratory Equipment

20001549402000200660 Observational equation assurance Lab # 66900096000 Observational equation assurance Lab # 6730005673725center Taylor Fitzgerald March 18, 20142420096000 Taylor Fitzgerald March 18, 2014 Short Form Memo-Style Lab Reports TO: Professor Michelle Sama FROM: Taylor Fitzgerald, CIT Student LAB PARTNER: Joe Toomey DATE: March 18, 2014 SUBJECT: Empirical Formula Determination Reason: The reason for this lab was to tentatively decide the experimental recipe of magnesium oxide, the exacerbate this is shaped when magnesium metal responds with oxygen. Rundown: What I have discovered in this lab is that the observational recipe that Joe and I accumulated from this lab is Mg0, a 1:1 proportion. Systems: During this lab to begin every lab bunch sets up a ringstand with a ring, setting a mud triangle over the ring. There must be room under the ring for the Bunsen burner (roughly 2-3 inches). Next, associate the Bunsen burner to the gas outlet utilizing elastic tubing. When a gathering is given the alright by the educator, the Bunsen burner might be turned on. Permit the fire to be around 1 inch. Next, dry a cauldron by warming it over the fire of the Bunsen burner. Try not to let the cauldron sparkle red. Presently utilizing the tongs, expel the cauldron from the triangle on the ring to a dry zone at the work seat. Presently the cauldron and cover need to cool until each is at room temperature. This took my gathering roughly 15 minutes. When they are at room temperature, gauge them both together on a scientific scale. While the cauldron and top are cooling, each gathering must gather a 25 cm bit of magnesium lace. Delicately loop the strip the fit inside the pot. My gathering looped our own around a pencil. Since the cover and pot ought to be at room temperature, place the magnesium lace inside the pot and spot the top on it. Each gathering will at that point measure and record the heaviness of the magnesium lace, cauldron, and top all together. Presently, utilizing the tongs, cautiously return the pot, magnesium strip, and cover back to the earth triangle over the Bunsen burner. Evacuate the cover however keep it close by for the following stage. Each gathering will warm the pot and magnesium strip until the magnesium lace touches off. Be certain not to breathe in or gaze legitimately at the start. At the point when the magnesium lace starts consuming, place the top back on the pot utilizing the tongs and expel the Bunsen burner from the zone. After the start, sparkling, and smoke have all vanished, return the Bunsen burner underneath the cauldron and being the warming procedure once more. Expel the Bunsen burner and lift the cover on the pot about each 2-3 minutes to check the response. After around 15 minutes or somewhere in the vicinity, verify whether the response is finished. The magnesium strip ought to have changed to a light dark/white powder (magnesium oxide). On the off chance that the lace material despite everything stays after the 15 minutes, keep utilizing the Bunsen burner until the magnesium lace is fine. Presently turn off the Bunsen burner and let the pot and top cool totally. Measure and record the consolidated mass of the pot, top, and magnesium oxide for one final estimation. Discard the magnesium oxide into the endorsed squander basin gave by your science professor(s). Ultimately, tidy up the gathering's whole seat territory. Results: Thing Mass Attributes (shape/shading) Void cauldron + cover 40.98 g N/A - No magnesium strip is included at this point Cauldron, cover, and magnesium strip before warming 41.37 g Magnesium strip is available, gleaming, silver Cauldron, cover, and magnesium strip subsequent to warming 41.62 g White/dim powder What was the mass of the magnesium utilized? Magnesium = 0.38 g What number of moles of magnesium were utilized? Moles of magnesium = (0.38 g/24.30506 g/Mol) = 0.0156346045 Moles of magnesium Decide the mass of the magnesium oxide framed. 41.62 g - 40.98 g = 0.64 g Decide the mass of oxygen that joined with the magnesium. 41.62 g - 41.37 g = 0.25 g Figure the quantity of moles of oxygen particles that were utilized. (0.25 g/15.99943) = 0.01563 Moles Figure the proportion between moles of magnesium utilized and moles of oxygen utilized. Express the proportion in least difficult entire number structure. 0.01563 : 0.01563 = 1:1 (proportion) 0.01563 : 0.01563 In light of your trial information, compose the experimental recipe for magnesium oxide. MgO Figure the percent blunder in your assurance of the magnesium:oxygen mole

Doctor Assisted Suicide essays

Specialist Assisted Suicide articles All through late years, banter in the U.S. about specialist helped self destruction has continuously expanded. The subject of whether a doctor ought to have the option to aid the arranged demise of a lethally wiped out individual has been contended by a wide range of sides. Helped self destruction advocates, for example, Right to Die associations, contend that people that are in critical condition ought to reserve the privilege to end their anguish and pass on with poise. Adversaries of the subject, for example, the AMA, guarantee that the thought is ethically off-base and will lead the clinical calling to esteem demise, rather than safeguarding life. The issue of helped passing is generally recognized all through the world. Indeed, specialist helped self destruction is legitimate in the Netherlands just as the province of Oregon, and the demonstration additionally happens unlawfully in the U.S. what's more, around the remainder of the world. Helped self destruction is either disallowed by law or has been precluded by court decisions in pretty much every state. Endeavors to sanction helped self destruction through voter activity were crushed in California in 1992 and Washington State in 1991(issues).. More than 20 state governing bodies have thought of and overwhelmed comparable laws(issues). Oregon's approach on specialist helped self destruction contrasts from all different U.S. arrangements in that it announces the activity legitimate. The strategy is known as the Death with Dignity Act. The Death with Dignity Act permits doctors to recommend qualified patients a deadly dose of medication. The patient is qualified when two specialists must judge freely that the patient has a half year or less to live, patients probably investigated all treatment choices, witnesses must assert that the patient looks to bite the dust enthusiastically and, if an individual's psychological capability is being referred to, a therapist must affirm that the patient is neither intellectually clumsy nor discouraged (Oregon). At the point when helped self destruction is made legitimate numerous dangers and undesirable conditions may get clear. Individuals dread that if the... <!

African studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

African investigations - Essay Example Furthermore, the exchange likewise prompted the selection of Islam religion. The experience of West Africans with the Arabs helped Northern Africa to turn into a piece of the Islamic impact. The Trans-Saharan district had been set up for acknowledgment Islam confidence in seventh century. Islam was one of the powerful factors in the human advancement of West Africa where Europeans had would not enter because of the desert conditions. The social change involved an incentive for human life, oddity, and social eminence. Ground-breaking realms emerged in West Africa due to Trans-Saharan exchange. Soninke of Ghana and Mandinka in Mali partook in the exchange and gathered colossal riches (Shillington 88). Riches enabled the realms to keep up rule and impact in the exchange. Be that as it may, the locale was undependable and secure because of the gold and ivory exchange. Realms would assault each other while navigating the desert. Looters assaulted and captured convoys and charioteers. Furthermore, realms required slaves and prompted a decrease of individuals. Individuals fled and moved southwards to get away from the abuse. The spread of Islam acquired pressure Western Africa as conventionalist networks opposed the impact of the religion and made an equalization. The collaborations between Arabs in North Africa and the exchanging parties from Western Sudan prompted the advancement of foundations, for example, exchange roots, landmarks, and schools. As indicated by Shillington, the improvement of major exchange communities, for example, Taghaza, Fezzan, Gao, Tadmeka, Wakata, and Kumbi-Saleh brought business and regulatory organs that were liable for exchange of merchandise (p. 92). Networks increased gold, ivory and captives to help their financial force in the exchange. Neighborhood pioneers utilize constrained work to gather products and make benefits from the second rate exchanging networks. The monetary advantages of Trans-Saharan exchange were felt in Mali, Songhay and Bornu because of support in

Learning Disability in Children

Learning Disability in Children The First Classmates Mar 26, 2018 in Case Studies Disability in Children The first classmate collected IEP data in order to determine the three to five signs of learning disability in children. I agree with the five identified sign of disability; talking later than peers, pronunciation challenges, slow development of language and obvious vocabulary, difficult in identifying rhyming words, inability to follow routine peer interaction procedures. Misdiagnosis could adversely affect the self-esteem of a child because children grow at different levels. However, I concur with the suggestion that professional diagnosis ought to be done beyond the pre-school years for easier diagnosis. I can add that since cognitive development is a systematic process that is dependant on biological and physiological setting of each individual, poor peer association and later talking are dependant on psychological perceptions such that a child could fail out of anxiety.

Tips for Your College Essays Make a Timeline and Cluster

Thanks for joining us as we continue with Staying Sane through the College Essay Writing Process, an ongoing series that offers college applicants and their parents advice on how to stay on track for completing Ivy-worthy essays†¦without flying off the handle. Enjoy this next part of the series, and STAY SANE! Now that you know what questions youll be answering, when the applications are due, and something of what you might tap into about yourself to write the essays, take out the timeline you made for the whole process. Make a sub-timeline now for writing for each of the schools, remembering to allot ample time for generating the essay idea, writing a draft, using trusted readers, revising, re-showing the essay to your readers, proofing, and submitting (include postmark deadline dates and suggested hours of time needed to upload if done electronically when the site gets swamped).   If you start on a second or third school choice to warm up to writing, be sure to figure on enough time to convert those essays to essays for your first choice school before its deadline. Ideally, you will allot one day for each of the subtasks thats seven days. Most people dont have several hours a day seven days in a row to work on their essays. Will you need seven weeks? A month? If you have only a week o r less for an application, you will have to put almost everything else aside to get the work done. Heres how to start: Take each one of these questions or the questions on the college application you are using if it isnt the common application and jot down a few ideas for each topic.   Dont judge what comes up as a good idea or a bad idea. Just write the ideas down. One way to do so is linear just make a list. Another way is circular clustering.   Many think that there is writing power in encircling.   The pattern making, creative mind is invited in when things dont go in a straight line. To cluster as a way of mining your experience, write the topic of the question in the middle of a page and circle it.  Ã‚   Then when something comes to mind, write a phrase about it somewhere on the page, circle it and connect it to the middle words with a line. Then make little clusters of images and phrases that go with the words youve thought of, circling them and connecting them to the balloon of words you wrote down. When you have thought of all you can, start fresh with another image or phrase you jot in another area of the paper, once again circling it and connecting it to the question topic youve put in the center of the page. Keep coming up with fresh ideas and images until you think you know which one most interests you. Sometimes you know by how big the cluster is, or sometimes because you think to start a new cluster on a second page to find out more about what you are remembering and thinking. Using this cluster, I might start an essay with my community service coaching underprivileged kids in a game I excel at. I might start with a scene of working with one or more children.   I can show how by sharing my competence and joy, I am teaching those in need a lot about their self-worth. I can show what I am learning from them that will help me. I will also show how I use my love of soccer to enjoy other activities that make me a well-rounded person: dance class, leadership training, knowledge of the worlds people and history. Or, I might start an essay with a scene of me running or kicking a ball on the soccer field and listening to cheers and feeling free to be myself. Then I might go on to say that from this feeling I am able to restore myself and then take my spirit and abilities to others in ways that help:   my soccer team members, my classmates in dance class, the kids I coach, and ultimately my future peers at Stanford and the people I will intersect with in my career and community. What way I start will depend on where the excitement is for me and how I see it connecting to the attributes I know I need to portray. By Sheila Bender, former Accepted.com editor and founder of Writing it Real, a â€Å"community and resource center for writing from personal experience.

The Transcendentalist Movement Of Ralph Waldo Emerson

Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States. Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature. Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first, then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays Essays: First Series and Essays: Second Series, published respectively in 1841 and 1844—represent the core of his thinking, and include such well-known essay Self-Reliance, together with Nature, these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emerson s most fertile period. Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 25, 1803. His father, Rev. William Emerson, a Unitarian minister, died from stomach cancer when he was eight on May 12, 1811, plunging the family into financial trouble. Emerson’s formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812 when he was 9. Although money was tight, funds were found by the help of other women in the family, to enroll Emerson to Harvard at the age of 14. When he graduated in 1821 at the age 18, ranked 30th out of a class of 59, thereShow MoreRelatedRalph Waldo Emerson Essay examples1043 Words   |  5 Pages3/10 The Transcendental movement of the 1830s is considered among scholars as one of the many great reformations of the 19th century buried within the tombs of history. Great Poets and authors published modern-yet-ancient ideological works describing the roots of this reformation, which based itself around the idea of a universal connection between all objects. Out of many contributing to this movement, one man named of Ralph Waldo Emerson distinguished himself as singular above all. With such essaysRead MoreRalph Waldo Emersons Connection To Transcendentalism1223 Words   |  5 PagesI have chosen to write about a Massachusetts-born American poet and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson who was part of the Transcendentalist movement which geared philosophical thinking that involved viewing women as equal. Philip F. Gura, Transcendentalism and Social Reform, History Now, assessed May 14, 2017, https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/first-age-reform/essays/transcendentalism-and-social-refo rm. Emerson s support for women s suffrage prompted him to write A Reasonable Reform toRead More`` Fate `` By Ralph Waldo Emerson1441 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1806 Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote in his book titled Nature a series of ideas that reflected the unconventional theories of a Transcendentalist. American Transcendentalism Web, Ralph Waldo Emerson 1803-1882, Virginia Commonwealth University, accessed June 9, 2017, http://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/authors/emerson/. Transcendentalists connected philosophy, literacy, and nature to promote a conscience or intuition that made it possible for each person to connect to the spiritualRead MoreThe True Transcendentalist: Thoreau and Emerson775 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen multiple different types of American literary movements. Like the Puritan which was a time of when people wrote personal poems, journals, and their personal diaries. The next is Enlightenment period was a time in which it was mostly about science and logic also it included political writings. Another wonderful literary movement is the Romanticism which was filled with emotion, individuality, and nature. But one of the greatest literary movements the one that will be focused on is transcendentalismRead MoreEarly American Transcendentalism1204 Words   |  5 Pagesreligion and physical progression. During the early nineteenth century, Ralph Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and other radical individuals challenged the present day theories of value s, ethics, and what it means to live life to the fullest (Timko). If early American transcendentalists were living among civilians today, would present day civilians think the earlier activists were radical and psychotic? During this time, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, â€Å"There are always two parties, the party of the Past and the partyRead MoreTranscendentalism And Its Impact On Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagesidentified ideology. The transcendentalists basically had this triangle where the basics of their beliefs were outlined, starting off with God at the top, the man in the left corner, and finally nature in the right corner, these could very well be the cornerstones of the transcendental belief system that they have in place. There were many areas that fell within in this triangle, but those are to be discussed later into this evaluation, but the transcendentalist was part of a movement during the 1820’sRead More Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism730 Words   |  3 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, America’s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England. The basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the relationships between one’s self and the world at large. First, the searchRead MoreTranscendentalism in America: The Philosophical and Literary Movement1062 Words   |  5 Pagesspirituality. In the end, authors in America created Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that searches for individual truth through spiritual reflection, complete solitude, and a deep connection with nature. Because this was established by authors, many of them wrote different pieces reflecting and using the beliefs of Transcendentalism. Ralph Waldo Emerson was considered to be the father of Transcendentalism. He wrote many influential pieces that follow and emphasizeRead MoreTranscendentalism in Henry David Thoreau and Emily Dickinsons Literature984 Words   |  4 Pagesliterature and religion, in America. Many writers like Henry David Thoreau and Emily Dickinson have been influence by transcendental ideas. It is astonishing how an inspiring literature movement can change so much of the world’s view and still is around today. Transcendentalism was an American literature movement urging people to look past everyday material life, and reach into their souls to find inner peace with themselves. Transcendentalism originally came from Kantian idealism. This idealismRead MoreRomanticism Vs Transcendentalism795 Words   |  4 PagesTranscendentalism can easily be compared to any other movement, some that may contrast, and some that may complement. Within the era of the growing movement, many arose to challenge the norms, bringing controversy with them. Transcendentalism, a theory that characterized by spiritual thinking, protected intuition from societal pressures in a time period that valued logical thinking. Politics in the Transcendental era were often disregarded, the Transcendentalists believed that if one were to allow themselves

Social Media - 1185 Words

How Computers Affect Teen Lives? Suicide takes the lives of nearly 30,000 Americans every year. A person dies by suicide about every 15 minutes in the U.S. An attempt is estimated to be made once every 40 seconds. Many who attempt suicide never seek professional care, and it has generally been found that those who post suicide notes online tend to not receive help. Social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter are known to cause a lot of the suicides. Social media is made up of web sites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional relationships. Social media are harmful to society because they lead to cyber bullying, cause low†¦show more content†¦According to Dr. Harry Brandt, â€Å"Facebook is making it easier to spend more time and energy criticizing their own bodies and wishing they looked like someone else.† Facebook offers the perfect opportunity for teens to compare themselves to their friends and acquaintances. â€Å"Studies have shown that the more time young women spend on Facebook, the more likely they are to develop an eating disorder.† (Walton). It is also more likely for a young woman to have a low self-esteem if she spends a lot of time with someone who has the perfect body or qualities that they desire for themselves. Both young women and men have said that they compare themselves to others when they are on Facebook viewing photos or status updates. Opponents to my position would argue that social media, mainly Twitter, is beneficial to communication. According to Bill Keller, â€Å"Twitter is a brilliant device – a megaphone for promotion, a seine for information, a helpful organizing tool for everything from dog-lover meet ups to revolutions.† He is suggesting that Twitter is extremely useful in many aspects, such as self-promotions. It is an excellent source of all different varieties of information and can be used to organize events and bring people together. â€Å"Twitter’s more fluid and anonymous setup, teens say, gives them more freedom to avoid friends of friends.† Teens find it easy to tweet their feelings and their daily routines to their close circle of friends rather than their hundreds of friends andShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And The Media917 Words   |  4 Pagestoday, social media has taken over as one of the primary ways to reach a number of people at an affordable price. Many comp anies have needed to join this platform whether they are comfortable or not with the process of social media involvement. Luckily there are some great tips out there on how to utilize social media in a way that benefits a company, the customer, and the product itself. Sarah Lieu was the narrator of this short film and laid out some practical tips on what social media platformsRead MoreSocial Media And The Media1192 Words   |  5 Pages However, â€Å"Contrary to the idea that social media creates a polarizing â€Å"filter bubble,† exposing people to only a narrow range of opinions, 70 percent of Millennials say that their social media feeds are comprised of diverse viewpoints evenly mixed between those similar to and different from their own. (American Press Institute, 2015, p. 3) This disputes the notion that everybody who engages in social media receive a uniform message, and these diverse viewpoints also enables users to become judiciousRead MoreSocial Media And The Media1027 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media companies There are now many social media companies around today, in which most are available for users and companies around the world 24/7. Some of the main ones being Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. The reason that these sites are so popular with advertising is because they have a massive worldwide audience in which they can instantly reach out to. Twitter alone has 284 million monthly users, supports over 35 different languages and a gigantic 500 million tweets are sentRead MoreThe Social Of Social Media1880 Words   |  8 PagesThe social media affect INTRODUCTION Is social media bringing us closer together or driving us further apart? I decided to attack the topic by going the route of empathy and if it brings people together or separates them Keywords I used were social media, empathy, Facebook, and affirmative empathy. I plugged this keyword into google and on EBSCOhost and ProQuest and yahoo search. Which at first the articles were horrible and made no sense which led me to topics like politics and body imageRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The Media977 Words   |  4 Pagesutilizes social media in the footer of each webpage; among the social media icons present are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, Google+, and YouTube. Additionally, social media sharing and engagement icons are present on each product view. Users are able to â€Å"Like† an item on Facebook, tweet it on Twitter, pin it on Pinterest, or click on the G+ Share link. Website visitors that are already logged into any of these accounts on their comp uters will not have to log into social media again toRead MoreSocial Influences Of Social Media718 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Social Media Nowadays, social media has a big influence in our society. Who is didn’t use social media? Almost everyone use Social Media. Indonesia ranked 6th as the most Social Media users. After China, US, India, Brazil, and Japan. Our teenagers are so active in social media. Maybe they could be online in social media almost 24-hours per-day. But there’s a good and bad effects of social media. So, there’s some of bad and good effects of social media that we will discuss here. PeopleRead MoreSocial Media And Social Networking1431 Words   |  6 Pages105 Analysis 3 11-28-16 The meaning of social media is the utilization of electronic and portable advances to transform correspondence into an intuitive discourse. Social networking, then again, is a social structure with individuals who are joined by a typical intrigue. Obviously, now, the meaning of social media appears like a misrepresentation. In the most recent quite a while, innovation has brought us extremely distant from where we began and social media nearly appears as though it is a totallyRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On The Media4022 Words   |  17 PagesSummary Today Social media is generally utilized. Many clients login to online networking destinations like Twitter to disperse breaking news and impart their insights and considerations. For organizations, LinkedIn is possibly valuable for observing people in general discernment and the social notoriety of organizations and items. In spite of incredible potential, how terrible news around an organization impacts general society slants in online networking has not been concentrated on inside andRead MoreMedia Is Life : Social Media Is Life1216 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media is Life Social Media has grown in many ways and has become a staple in our lives today. We have the luxury of living in a day and age that social media allows one to do so much at his or her fingertips at any time of the day. For example: feeling lazy on a Sunday night? There is no longer the need to get up from the couch to have dinner ready in no-time. Online ordering for pizza via a mobile device/smartphone is as convenient as it gets. Social media offers avenues for ventures asRead MoreSocial Media And The Classroom1018 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Social Media in the Classroom With the advancement of mobile devices, social media has become ubiquitous that it has significantly changed the way people communicate. It has helped connect people with each other instantly, anytime and anywhere in the world. It also has changed the way news and other literatures are created, shared, and consumed. Some colleges and even employers look at a candidate’s digital presence. There is no part of life that social media does not touch. Social media

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treatment For Posttraumatic...

Cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders describes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as an acute stress disorder (2013). Individuals that experience this disorder are exposed to or have had an experience of near death or bodily harm (American Psychiatric Association. 2013). Evidence based therapy that has shown positive outcomes in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which is based on changing behavior. The use of client-centered therapy can also be beneficial with this type of client if applied in addition to CBT. Joseph stated that a client-centered approach to PTSD could result in Post-traumatic growth (2004). Post-traumatic growth does not try to bring the client back to the original state before the trauma but bring the client beyond their previous level of functioning (Joseph, 2004). When a person experiences a trauma, they can have a myriad of emotions, it is the therapist respon sibility to help the client make better sense of the issue and continue functioning in a normal manner. Not all traumas are alike and not all clients can be treated equally. The most significant aspect of treatment in helping this type of client is the approach the therapist takes which should include the temperament of the client and the goals the client seeks. Included here is an examination of a fictitious client that has experienced a trauma and the therapist care plan. The therapistShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Eye Movement Reprocessing And Desensitization1596 Words   |  7 PagesDesensitization in Posttraumatic Stress Victims Kaitlyn Schenk PSYC 2301.5012 Laura Renee October 19, 2016 An estimated 5.2 million adults will suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1570 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes that have been detrimental to the success and overcoming of victims’ symptoms. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new trea tment optionRead MoreTrauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1720 Words   |  7 Pagesfeel disconnected, anxious, sad and frightened. 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The Work Environment Of The Workplace - 1264 Words

Mehmet A. Orhan continues the topic of decreased face to face conversation in the workplace. In his journal, Invisible, therefore isolated: Comparative effects of team virtuality with task virtuality on workplace isolation and work outcomes. Mehmet A. Orhan writes â€Å"The extent of face-to-face interaction has a strong impact on the social support received in the workplace. Especially for virtual workers, lack of face-to-face contact creates threatening conditions that cause isolation in the workplace and subsequently detrimental effects on the well-being of employees. Besides organizational disconnectedness, lack of informal socialization opportunities is found particularly problematic for virtual workers. While increased face-to-face interactions promote individuals’ sense of social belongingness, lack of social support is associated with feelings of loneliness and perceptions of isolation. Workplace social isolation can be defined as a lack of satisfying friendship relat ionships or a lack of access to social networks in workplace.† In other words Orhan is saying that when a work environment is social and employees are having face to face interactions, the more likely the employees will be satisfied with their jobs. The reverse is said about virtual workers, they are more likely to encounter loneliness and will most likely lack a sense of social belongingness. 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Observation of a Infant/Toddler Free Essays

Dawnetta Tipton Infant and Toddler Development 10/18/2012 Fall Semester 6:00pm – 9:05pm Infant Toddler Observations Karen Eaton Dawnetta Tipton OBSERVATION ASSIGNMENT Name: Dawnetta Tipton Date: 10/2/2012 Time: 5:00pm Age of child: 9 months old This observation took place in the child’s grandmother home. Her name is Laila and she is a 9 months old and she is a bright little girl with pretty black hair and she had 3 ponytails with hair bows and barrettes. I was invited over by the child’s grandmother; we have been friends since high school. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation of a Infant/Toddler or any similar topic only for you Order Now We were sitting in the Living room of the house, the grandmother and I were sitting on the sofa which was black and gray and Laila was playing on the floor where her grandmother had placed a big blanket which had the cartoon character of the Angry Birds. There were baby toys placed on floor such as a stuffed animal, red and yellow rattle, orange teething room. The blinds were open and the sun shining in bright on the clean white walls. There was a black computer desk and chair sitting in the corner of the living room with a screensaver showing a picture of my friend and her family. My impression of Laila was that she was a bright 9 month old child who was very alert and aware of her surroundings. She interacted with me and her grandmother, she kept a smile on her face and made noises and she gave us kisses. She is learning to walk so she went from one end of the sofa to the other end while holding on to the cushions on the sofa. She is very friendly and did not cry while I was there visiting with her grandmother. This child will not be ignored, if she sees that you are not paying her any attention she will crawl over to you and pull up on your pant leg so that she can get the attention desired. Dawnetta Tipton Child’s Actions: 3:02pm Laila started to cry while sitting on the floor, her grandmother picker her up from the floor and asked her â€Å"what’s wrong granny baby? †, are you hungry and the cry became louder, she fixed her a bottle of milk and she stop crying when given the bottle. :07pm Laila is laying on her grandmother while drinking her bottle of milk, she is gazing up looking at her grandmother while we were having a conversation. 3:12pm Laila gestured for her grandmother to put her down on the floor by stretching her body out and she was placed onto the blanket that had been placed on the floor with the toys on it, she picked up the brown teddy bear and started to play with i t. 3:17pm Laila crawls over to me and pulls on my pants until she’s standing up, she put her hands up gesturing for me to pick her up and I picked her up, she began to play with my earrings and laughs out loud. :22pm Laila sat on my lap and played with my silver necklace which had a blue sapphire pendant while I talked with her and she was all smiles. 3:27pm Laila reached out for her grandmother after playing with my necklace became boring to her and her grandmother reached out for her and she was smiling and she gave her a wet kiss right on grandmother’s lips. Dawnetta Tipton 3:32pm Laila laid her head onto her grandmother chest and closed her eyes, about 4 minutes later she was fast asleep. Name: Dawnetta Tipton Date: 10/2/2012 Time: 1pm Age of Child: 1 year 10months This observation took place in the child’s home. Kylan is a 1 year and 10 month old little boy who is brown skinned with a short cute little afro, he’s wearing a black gray Nike jogging suit. In the living room his 3 older siblings were present and also his mother. The room was very well kept, there was a red and blue toy box in the corner of the room which contained several different toys kept in it for kylan. There was a brown and tan sofa, loveseat and chair, 40 inch television with a playstation system plugged into it. In which his siblings were sitting on the floor playing a basketball game. The living room walls were beige with a brown border going around the top of the entire wall with seashells as the print. The carpet was dark brown and fuzzy. My impression of Kylan was that he was very active, he’s always on the move doing something. He went over to his toy box and pulled out a small blue toy police car, he plays with it for about 3 minutes and then goes over to the sibling brothers to try and take the controller away from the brother closest to the television. Big brother tells him â€Å"No† you too little to play the game and he gets mad and tries to scratch brother face with his left hand. He then Dawnetta Tipton proceeds over to his mother raising up both hands for mom to pick him up and she does, he starts trying to talk with mom and he’s smiling and gesturing her hands to his face to play the game Peek-a-Boo. This child receives all the attention he needs from his mother and brothers. Child’s Actions 2pm: Kylan is walking around the living room playing with a little orange basketball, tossing the ball from me to his mom. :04pm: Kylan now tosses the ball at his 6 year old brother who gets mad and tells mom his little brother is bothering him while he’s playing the game, mom tells him to stop, he laughs and runs in the back bedroom. 2:06pm: Kylan is now standing by mom’s bed and tries to hide when I enter the room, he comes out of hiding and runs pass me back into the living room and jumps up in mom la p and start hugging her neck. 2:11pm: Kylan jumped down from mom lap and starts playing with his blue toy police car, starts to make noise as saying â€Å"Vroom-Vroom†. :13pm: Kylan sits on his older brother lap so that he can help big brother play the game, he is now laughing and all excited his brother let him help him play the basketball game. Dawnetta Tipton 2:20pm: Kylan gets up from his brother lap and walks into the kitchen and tries to open the refrigerator, his mother comes into the kitchen and ask him â€Å"Are you thirsty† and he nods his head yes and she gets his sippy cup out and he proceeds to drink his juice. 2:24pm: Kylan climbs up on the sofa and sits down staring at the picture of Spongebob on his cup, he looks at me and smile. Mom put in a DVD of Sesame Street and he proceeds to watch the show. 2:30pm: Kylan has now laid down on the sofa still watching his Sesame Street DVD while playing with his feet. My comparison of the 2 children ages 9 months old and 1 year 10 months old was that both were active children. Both had a lot of energy, and kept busy. The 9 month old was just learning how to walk and the 1 year 10 month old had been walking since 11 months old. The 1 year 10 month old is more vocal than the 9 month old, he can say some words and the 9 month old could make noises and sound. The 1 year 10 month old could show mom that he was thirsty and the 9 month old could only cry to signal to grandmother that she was thirsty. The 1 year 10 month old could climb on the sofa where as the 9 month old could only gesture for someone to pick up and place onto the sofa. I feel these 2 children were pretty much similar to what they could do just that the 1 year 10 month old was little more advanced in completing the things he wanted to do where as the 9 month old needed assistance from someone. How to cite Observation of a Infant/Toddler, Essays

Ethical Decision Making in Hospice Care

Question: What, if anything, does the nature of the holiday party have to do with Dalmans decisions and actions in this matter? How will Dalmans decisions and actions influence the ethics environment and corporate social responsibility of Sandwich Blitz? Answer: Dalman to make an ethical decision and engage in developing the following professional competency that is problem solving and critical thinking by making ethical decisions to solve problems. Ethical decision making in business: Making ethical decisions in a business is a key to ensure long term success for any business. This can provide a standard been maintained by the organization and help the company to build strong reputation in the market securing a loyal customer base as well. Recommendation given to Dalman to engage in professional competency: According to me creating a healthy and stable position between the CEO and its managers will be suitable to be recommended to the company. If they create such a position in their business then they do not have to provide salary. By this they can also seek advantages to hold and stabilize the business. It is also recommended to advertise their business on local radio stations, newspapers, flyers etc to reach maximum customers at the same time. Recommendations given to solve ethical issues: It can be inferred from the case let that Dalman had been visiting all the operating locations and addressing the necessary concerns of the managers as well. Therefore it can be approached to introduce a successful self managed team so that they can give more time to grow the business. This will also ensure to solve all the local problems on a day to day basis and lead to increasing productivity and profit as well. These self assessed managers will be under Dalman so that they can be given well equipped training to mange and plan their activities in a better way (Walker and Breitsameter, 2014). This will also reduce the concentration over financial matters which are getting disturbed. The self managed teams can be applied to various other roles so that flexibility is enhanced and this leads to team productivity as well. Another aspect of Sandwich Blitz to maintain their integrity is to introduce corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility ensures an organizations responsibility towards its environment and workers also. It demonstrated the healthy atmosphere and work culture that is to be maintained regardless of any inconveniences made (Trong Tuan, 2012). Among the eight steps mentioned to improve integrity Dalman should go for taking responsibility despite of the fact that that obligations are coming from the actions being taken by Dalman. By taking responsibility Dalman can recognize the violation of new laws that are required to be implemented. Changes can be made so that the locations are in legal compliance. The housing that includes the dumpsters used by Sandwich Blitz must be removed in order to provide extra space to the company so that all the new laws that are been violated can be taken over by Dalman and acted upon. It is suggested to use the commercial dumpsters or lease the dumpsters until and unless all the ethical issues are been taken care of by the company. If Dalman takes such sole responsibility for the company then no other employee or stakeholder would be affected. References Trong Tuan, L. (2012). Corporate social responsibility, ethics, and corporate governance.Social Responsibility Journal,8(4), 547-560. doi:10.1108/17471111211272110 Walker, A., Breitsameter, C. (2014). Ethical decision-making in hospice care.Nursing Ethics. doi:10.1177/0969733014534873

Oppression From Male Dominance Essays - The Awakening, Edna

Oppression From Male Dominance ENC1102-Currin Paper #3 Oppression from Male Dominance The Awakening by Kate Chopin is a novel that focuses on a female heroine. Unlike many female heroines, Edna Pontellier does not allow her life to be surrounded by male control. Many novels of this time allow a female to be the main character but ultimately the men that surround her decide upon her fate. Rebecca Dickson wrote ?With Mrs. Pontellier, Chopin rejects assessing women according to their sexual status (38).? Chopin's novel focuses on the ?awakening? of Edna Pontellier from oppression from male dominance. Edna Pontellier was a victim of male dominance from an early age. Her father, a colonel, was the head of her household throughout childhood. It is obvious that he made a majority of the decisions for Edna and her mother. As a child, Edna was unable to visualize a life without this oppression. It was normal, a way of life. Edna's ?awakening? begins in her early adulthood. When she decides to marry Leonce, her father disapproves. By marrying Leonce against his wishes, she begins to break from this oppression. Little does she know that this is only a taste of what is yet to come. Edna is able to settle with Mr. Pontellier for a while before her need for freedom strikes again. She lets Leonce work while she had the children and maintains the household. While on vacation for the summer, she starts to ?awaken? again. She begins to stop following her husband's orders. For example, Edna refuses to come inside when Leonce asks her to. He gives many reasons for her to come inside (temperature, insects) but she kindly refuses. Then, when he decides to join her outside, she goes into the house (30-31). ?Edna began to feel like one who awakens gradually out of a dream, a delicious, grotesque, impossible dream, to feel again the realities pressing into her soul (31-32).? Chopin uses this passage to convey how Edna is feeling. She is getting a second taste of breaking from this male dominance oppression that surrounds her. The reader is left with the impression that Edna now understands what she wants. This ?awakening? is the initial clue given to the reader that the men that surround her will no longer oppress Edna. Once the summer comes to a close, Edna's ?awakening? is in full bloom. She liberates herself financially by starting to paint. Leonce sees this change in her behavior but knows that there is nothing he can do to change it. When he leaves for business, Edna goes so far as to move out of their house. She informs Leonce in letter which does not ask for his permission, but simply states what her plans are and that he can be sure that she will follow through with them. The oppression that she once felt form her husband is now shattered. She has stepped up toward liberation from his male dominance, which has now controlled her life for so many years. Barbara C. Ewell wrote ?Edna's central insistence on her ?own way? exposes intolerable constrictions on southern places for women (35).? As Edna is breaking away from the male control of her husband, she is also entering the possibility of more male dominance from Robert. As she is also setting herself up for the possibility that the whole cycle may repeat. While Robert is gone, Edna is able to keep breaking away from male dominance by wanting to be with him. She fantasizes how she could be with Robert and not her husband, which draws into the central part of the story, her ?awakening? from this oppression. When Robert returns, though, she makes it quite known that he will not control her either. Edna and Robert are talking in their second meeting (at the coffee house) about why Robert never made any effort to see or write Edna. His justification is that she is still ?owned? by Leonce. She makes him aware of her new found liberation by stating, ?You have been a very, very foolish boy, wasting your time dreaming of impossible things when you speak of Mr. Pontellier setting me free! I am no longer one of Mr. Pontellier's possessions to dispose of or not. I give myself

Sample Agreement Essay

Sample Agreement EssayA sample of an agreement essay is a great way to see what is involved in writing one. It can also be a good guide for those who are just beginning their write-ups. Because it's so similar to what is required for a law school paper, it will give students the benefit of learning about the processes involved without feeling too overwhelmed.The main difference between an agreement essay and a conventional essay is that in this case, the two authors do not agree on everything. The agreement comes first. The draft then follows. One person (the essay writer) tells all the details about the agreement and its subject matter. The other person (the author of the agreement) tells how he thinks the details should be incorporated into the essay.The essence of the agreement must be incorporated in the essay. Both authors are accountable for making sure the arrangement is correct and to make sure that the reader gets a good grasp of it.The first sentence of the agreement must c ontain the very first words. In most cases, the agreement must contain an express statement about the topic of the essay. The reader must know what the agreement is about in the very first sentence. It can include either mentioning the topic of the essay or the topic of the agreement. Either way, it needs to be present.The agreement must be closed by repeating the closing sentence 'and concluded.' This puts the agreement at an end. It must have an ending paragraph that details the dispute, the problem, and the solution. The discussion must be finished with an acknowledgment.If the agreement has been finalized through a formal arbitration or lawsuit, the author must include the detail that gives the agreement legal standing. Both parties are now officially bound to the agreement. The last sentence of the agreement should spell out who will be held responsible if the agreement breaks down.This is a great outline for an agreement sample. After all, people usually read agreements, rathe r than essays. Students who are just starting out may find the draft written above useful. After all, a good starting point is just like any other article, except that it's longer.

17 Possible Career Paths for Biology Majors

17 Possible Career Paths for Biology Majors Are you thinking of getting (or are you in the process of getting) a degree in biology? Fortunately, students who graduate with a degree in biology have more career options than just teaching or going to medical school - although those can be awesome careers, too. 17 Careers for Biology Majors Work for a science magazine. Interested in all kinds of biology? Or maybe just one particular field, like marine biology? Find a cool science magazine you love and see if theyre hiring.Work at a research company. There are some amazing companies out there doing some pretty amazing research. Use your degree and training to get in on the action.Work at a hospital. You dont always have to have a medical degree to work at a hospital. See what options are open for those with a science background.Work at a non-profit focusing on science. You can work for an organization that teaches science to kids or that helps improve the environment. And you can sleep well at night knowing that youre really doing good work all day, every day.Teach! Love biology? You probably do because you had an awesome mentor introduce you to it at some point during your education. Pass that passion on to someone else and make a difference in the lives of kids.Tutor. If full-time teaching isnt your thing, consider tut oring. While science/biology might come easily to you, it doesnt for everyone. Work for the government. Working for the government may not have been what you imagined yourself doing with your degree, but it can be a cool job you enjoy while also helping your country (or state or city or county).Work for an environmental company. It can be a non-profit or a for-profit, but helping  to protect the environment is a great way to put your biology degree to work.Work in agriculture and/or botany. You can work for a company that helps improve farming or one focusing on biomimicry.Work for a science museum. Consider working for a science museum. You can be involved in cool projects, interact with the public, and see all the neat stuff that happens behind the scenes.Work for the zoo. Love animals? Consider working at the zoo and having the kind of job that rarely, if ever, requires the stuffy suit-and-tie routine.Work at a veterinary office. If the zoo isnt your thing, consider working at a veterinary office. You can put your biology degree to work while also having a n interesting, engaging job. Work at a food research company. Many companies need food researchers with a background in science. Jobs like these are definitely non-traditional and super interesting.Work at a pharmaceutical company. If youre interested in medicine but arent sure if medical school is your thing, think about working at a pharmaceutical company. Your background in biology can be put to good use as you work to create products that will improve the lives of many people.Work for a perfume or makeup company. Love makeup and perfume, or at least find them interesting? Those pretty little products have a lot of science behind them - science you can get involved in.Work at a college or university. You dont necessarily need to be a professor or have a doctorate to work at a college or university. See what departments are hiring that can put your training to use.Consider joining the military. The military can be a fantastic place to put your degree in biology to use, continue your training, and help your co untry. Check in with a local recruiting office to see what options are available.

Weak Electrolyte Definition and Examples

Weak Electrolyte Definition and Examples A weak electrolyte is an electrolyte that does not completely dissociate in  aqueous  solution. The solution will contain both ions and molecules of the electrolyte. Weak electrolytes only partially ionize in water (usually 1% to 10%), while strong electrolytes completely ionize (100%).   Weak Electrolyte Examples HC2H3O2 (acetic acid), H2CO3 (carbonic acid), NH3 (ammonia), and H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) are all examples of weak electrolytes. Weak acids and weak bases are weak electrolytes. In contrast, strong acids, strong bases, and salts are strong electrolytes. Note a salt may have low solubility in water, yet still be a strong electrolyte because the amount that does dissolve completely ionizes in water. Acetic Acid as a Weak Electrolyte Whether or not a substance dissolves in water is not the determining factor in its strength as an electrolyte. In other words, dissociation and dissolution are not the same things. For example, acetic acid (the acid found in vinegar) is extremely soluble in water. However, most of the acetic acid remains intact as its original molecule rather than its ionized form, ethanoate (CH3COO-). An equilibrium reaction plays a big role in this. Acetic acid dissolves in water an ionizes into ethanoate and the hydronium ion, but the equilibrium position is to the left (reactants are favored). In other words, when ethanoate and hydronium form, they readily return to acetic acid and water: CH3COOH H2O ⇆ CH3COO- H3O The small amount of product (ethanoate) makes acetic acid a weak electrolyte rather than a strong electrolyte.

India class structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

India class structure - Essay Example The ruling class or the dominant class is the most important and the most benefitted class. The dominant class determines the utilization of the economic surplus and majorly comprises of business bourgeoisie, rich landlords, politicians etc. Lying between these two extremes is the middle class who benefit partially from the growing economy and who also are major contributors to the labor force of the country. Another major important point of difference between the three is their contribution to the working force. The lower classes that provide most of the man power are engaged in physical work whereas the middle classes are engaged in most of the work that involves the government and private sectors and are huge contributors to the economy. The higher classes hold positions of importance but this class particularly contributes much less manpower but are particularly responsible for controlling and management of the other classes below it. The primary factor responsible for the three different class systems in India is determined by the economic surplus and the growing economy of the country and the contributions of each class too depends on the development and fully fledged of the annual

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 8

Research Paper Example Such drive of accountability comes from the quest of integrity from public sector management (Oshisami, 2004). Off late, the government sector is coming into increasing focus because of the rise in number of frauds and inappropriate use of public funds. Such irresponsible behavior on the part of the government has called increased attention to accountability and transparency on the part of auditors and accounting managers in these firms and those associated with such government firms (Banker, Chang & Cunningham, 2003). The paper is aimed at finding out the possible reasons behind ethical issues that auditor experience in government firms over auditing practices. The paper proceeds in two forms of data analysis to support and provide weight to the view. The primary data is collected by means of an interview of 30 auditors belonging to a private audit firm who do audits for government organization. The interviewees were quizzed over various aspects of ethical auditing problems in government firms. The secondary research over the topic was done by means of extensive research through journals, articles and books. The research moved on to identify problem areas in ethical auditing and tries to suggest recommendation for improvement over those. Auditing can be defined as a self-determining examination of books of accounts of an organization done by a designated person which gives a fair view of whether accounts maintained are true and reasonable and also whether they comply with regulatory requirements or not. Audit can be classified into three types of categories. In a recent report, it was found that one of the big four auditing firms, Ernst & Young had reported a flaw in about 48% of its audits revealed by the US government auditing regulators. Such inefficiencies included insufficient tests of their customer’s internal safeguards, failure of identification of revenue

Home Energy Management System

Home Energy Management System 1) INTRODUCTION Network of electricity that intelligently integrates with users actions connected to network for sustainable, economical and secure supply is called smart grid [1]. Smart grid is called smart due to fast communication and networking capabilities. Smart grid has an important role in energy structure adjustment, coping with climate changes and economic development [2]. Since 1982 energy demand during peak hour is increasing 25% approximately every year [3]. New intelligent devices must be used to fulfill energy requirements. In order to add intelligence new technologies are to be developed. Electric intelligence is only requirement for operational cost and energy consumption reduction [4]. These new technologies should be able to remove peak load and off load power difference, should be capable of making demand-supply curve smoother and should reduce environmental pollution. In smart grid user plays a vital role in reducing and optimizing energy consumption thus improving system efficiency. In smart grid emission of CO2 and household energy consumption is reduced by 9% and 10% respectively [5] In order to improve electricity consumption keeping in view of consumer’s need there should be an optimum solution. Different optimization techniques can be used for energy management. Different technologies like home area networks, home automation, advanced metering infrastructure and bidirectional communication are introduced by smart grid during past few years [6]. Now a days Zigbee and sensor networks not only monitors the quality of power but use powerful strategy for communication and distribution and sale locally generated energy back to grid [7] [8]. Demand Side Management (DSM) system is important utilization efficiency parameters which have been ignored due to complex dynamics of consumption, random behavior of consumers and lack of commutation technology. The advancement in communication technology has revolutionized the power sector and introduced a concept of new modernized electrical system called as Smart grid [9] .The concept of demand side management was first introduced in late 1970’s which reduces GHG, provides reliable energy reducing the electricity cost [10]. Traditional grids consists of DSM but do not provide such type of reliability to users due lack of sensors and inefficient automation and communication. But smart grid is more efficient due introduction of low cost sensors, smart meters and integration of ICT [11]. Challenges faced by smart grid is shown below Interoperability is said to satisfy if multiple communication network coexist in smart grid. Scalability means increasing number of hardware’s in proportion to others but due to increase in demand this become a major issue can be solved by using sensing networks. Smart grid holds different communities and societies which become an issue in order to resolve it integration of power system is required which is done with actuation, security and communication networks. Security is main issue in smart grid because a hacker can interrupt the data of smart grid and easily access to smart meters so this issue can be resolve by modernization the security and by data hiding [12]. The smart grid consists of HEMS that enable demand response and demand side management. On the basis of power supply demand response is responsible for altering and managing the energy and demand side management (DSM) controls the planning, techniques and implementation of policies [13]. There are two major schemes of HEMS one is communication and 2nd one is optimization [14]. Home energy management systems consist of three basic functional blocks [15]: HEMS software Home energy management center(HEMC) Load scheduler. HEMC provides customer’s user’s friendly graphical representation which not only provides assistance to customers but also give them control over various loads using load scheduler. HEMC software uses lab view developer tool that provides necessary information to customers using Zigbee protocol. It has two main sectors a) home tab b) data tab. The information load control, line control and on/off control is provided by home tab on/off control use in switching sequence and its major application is that it is used to detect any abnormality in hardware. The data logging of current and voltage with in time is represented by data tab. Load scheduler considers the bundle of single knapsack known as multiple knapsacks due to which customers become aware of peak load at specific time and interval of occurrence. A load scheduler not only determines the critical and non-critical loads but also time dependent loads. In emergency conditions it also controls various loads. This also stores data of electricity consumption 24/7. Energy management is an organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to meet the requirements, taking into account environmental and economic objectives [16]. Energy management systems are computer aided tools that are used by operators of utility grid for controlling, monitoring and optimizing the generation and transmission system performance. In efficient energy consumption the participation of end user is as much important as the supplier. In modern power supply systems end users’ are provided with RT-feedback (real-time feedback) via different website portals, in-home displays (IHD), or some other feedback viewer device like mobile etc. [17]. Provision of feedback to end user will motivate them to alter their energy usage to minimize the electricity bills. In present smart grid system end users’ are forced for shifting their energy usage on peak to off peak hours regardless of their comfort and life style [17]. All over the world major portion of energy is consumed by residential users, so they can play an important role for energy optimization. Research shows that energy consumption is minimized by 12% by installing energy consumption information system and displays energy consumption of whole unit [18]. Due to advancement in technology the industries has become advance due to which energy demand increases which results in load shedding and blackouts and use of fossil fuel is increases which will finish soon. Now world is going toward non-conventional energy resources like solar and photovoltaic cells but in order to provide information regarding to electricity to customers the smart hems use analogue and digital systems which is an efficient methodology. Home energy management systems play a fantastic role in distribution of energy via conventional grid and homes optimistically. With increasing demand of energy the communication in wired as well as in wireless medium is increased. Internet connection and intranet connection is makes low cost smart homes. Zigbee is one of the devices that uses for communication between smart homes and smart grid. Zigbee alliance introduced Zigbee standard protocol based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard set by IEEE and new standard committee (NESCOM) for low rates wireless personal area network [15]. Zigbee consists of four layers. Zigbee Zigbee alliance platform IEEE 802.15.4 There is a great difference between energy production and consumption, low production cause deficiency of electricity supply. World energy production pie chart is shown as There are many optimization techniques that are used for optimization one of which is knapsack. In knapsack there are many algorithms used for obtaining the best optimized result. In this paper we will make comparative study of some algorithms of knapsack and we will find the best solution obtained from these algorithms. Comparison of different home energy management schemes: Optimization based residential energy management: It is the linear programming model basic purpose of this model is minimization of electricity cost at residential areas [1]. In this scheme a day of 24 hours is divided into equal time slots having equal lengths consists of various prices of electricity like time of use (TOU) tariffs. The objective function shows that with proper scheduling we can reduce the energy expenses by division of home appliances in time slots. Objective function is defined as EI DI Ut St Where I define number of appliances, E defines energy consumption of appliance, J number of days, DI length of cycle of appliance, K number of requests, Ut unit price for slot t and T number of time slots. IN home energy management (iHEM): This scheme use smart appliances like energy management unit (EMU) and wireless sensor home area network (WSHANs) for communication purposes between appliances (IHEMS). It also uses (Zigbee) protocol, wireless sensor networks and cluster tree topology. In this scheme customer may turn on appliance at any moment without being worried about peak hours. In home energy management (iHEM) gives suitable time to customer for appliance use. How iHEM works a request package is sent by appliance to EMU at the start, on receiving the packet EMU communicates with storage system in order to know available energy. Energy management unit (EMU) than communicates with smart meter for current prices. The storage unit send available reply containing information about storage energy when EMU receives packet, it schedules the suitable start time according to iHEM algorithm. It also reduces the carbon emission and energy consumption cost. 2) KNAPSACK: The single knapsack is a problem of combinatorial optimization having objects, values and weights packed into knapsack of specific capacity such that value of object is maximized [19] .The multiple knapsack is generalization of single knapsack problem it is resource allocation problem consists of M resources and set of N objects [19]- [20]. Knapsack problem is basically an items set that have different weights and values. Our choice of item must be in such a way that it should be maximum among the weights of given items. Knapsack allows community to use energy efficiently in order to achieve their goals. It not only minimizes the customer bills but force them to use their heavy appliances other than peak hours. It is estimated that energy demands overall around the world increasing 25 percent per year so its great challenge for us to fulfill the demand [21]. In order to overcome the increasing demand of energy we need to optimize energy usage. Knapsack is one of the optimization technique used for optimizing a problem. 2.1) Types of Knapsack: There are different types of knapsack which are as 1) 0-1Knapsack problem. 2) Bounded Knapsack problem. 3) Unbounded Knapsack problem. 2.1.1) 0-1 Knapsack problem (binary Knapsack): In such case the item is either taken or not taken (accepted / rejected) there are no other possibilities. Suppose a set of ’n’ items having different weights and values say ‘wi’ and ‘vi’, xi is the number of copies of item of set ‘n’. In mathematical form: Maximize ixi Subject to i xi ≠¤ W Here Xi {0, 1} 2.1.2) Bounded Knapsack Problem: In bounded knapsack problem restriction on xi is removed i.e. xi is an integer value in BKP. In BKP restriction is applied on copies of each item of set ‘n’ to some integer value say ‘ci’. Mathematically: Maximize ixi Subject to i xi ≠¤ WHere xi {0, 1†¦ ci} 2.1.3) Unbounded Knapsack Problem: In unbounded knapsack problem no restriction is applied on xi. Mathematically: Maximize ixi Subject to i xi ≠¤ WHere xi ≠¥ 0. 2.2) Algorithms for Knapsack: There are many algorithms for solving 0-1 knapsack problems which are as [22]: 2.2.1) Brute Force: It is a straight forward approach based on statement of problem and concepts’ definition. If there are n items that can be chosen from a set of given items then there will be 2n possible combination of items for knapsack. There is a bit string of 0’s and 1’s, if the string is 1 of an item then it is chosen if 0 then not chosen. 2.2.2) Dynamic Programming: It is a technique in which a complex problem is divided into smaller sub problems. These sub-problems are then solved and are recorded in table. Thus table obtain is utilize to solve original problem. The complexity of this algorithm is O (NlogN). 2.2.3) Greedy Algorithm: This algorithm requires some common sense and problem solving experience for solving problem. It’s a decision making process which may have following steps: 1) Choosing such item that has maximum value in knapsack. 2) Choose item with less weight. 3) Choose item with high value to weight ratio. 2.2.4) Genetic Algorithm: It is an algorithm used to search best solution among different possible solution of a problem. It begins with a solution set and each set is called population. A new population is made from old population by selecting them according to certain specified fitness level. 3) Appliance Usage Control: In [23] consumption of electricity is not always rational it also depends on human psychology factors. Different people use different appliances at different time slots. Now if we consider some appliances we can classify them into following categories: 1) Must Run Appliances: Appliances whose time slot cannot be changed and they must run comes in this category. 2) Fixed Run Appliances: Appliances that run only once a day at specific time. 3) Flexible Appliances: Appliances that can be run at any time in a day they don’t have fixed time. Some of the household devices are shown below: Oven LampRefrigerator Fan Considering human psychology factor the use of appliances can be categorize as: 1) Emergency Use: Appliances that use in some sort of emergency. 2) Welfare: Appliances that use for welfare 3) Enjoyment: Appliances that use for enjoyment purpose. Taking an example of personnel computer that is used by student for his working purpose or for emergency while an adult use it for enjoyment purpose. In order to make decision on which appliance should be used during peak hour follows analytic hierarchy process. Bibliography

Adult Development Analysis

Lamis came from a family that originated from the country of Pakistan. She has a big family–her mother, father, fiver brothers, and two sisters–and they all give importance to the values, culture and behaviors inculcated into their minds by their parents. She expressed how blessed she was to be in a family that treasures love, respect, integrity, and life.Lamis life was indeed very challenging because she grew up amidst various complexities in life. When she was a little child, she was always confused as to whose directions should she follow because she has parents who are entirely two different individuals. Her mother is someone who loves to be with people so much.She likes socializing with people and undertaking activities with them because such experience gives her certain pleasure and enjoyment that she does not find in any other places. Her father, on the other hand, is the exact opposite of her mother. He does not like the idea of being with people.He is more comf ortable being alone in his own place, perhaps because her father is a very private person. He keeps a lot of things in his mind and usually do not share most of those things to her mother. Furthermore, her father is very pragmatic and he is open-minded that he understands the contemporary things they do in their lives even if those are sometimes against his beliefs.On the contrary, her mother does not want them to do things on their own. She is very strict in terms of the things they undertake. She wants them to always obey her because she believes that she knows what is best for her children.The contradictions demonstrated by Lamis’ parents made her initially a very confused individual. It affected the development of her morality. She told me she loves both of her parents so she was usually torn between whether to follow her father or her mother.She eventually learned to balance the characters of her parents and somehow managed to grasp the positivity of their differing indi vidualities and created a whole set of values, behaviors, and beliefs that influenced her moral development.Lawrence Kohlberg, a theorist who proposed the concept of moral development, conceived that individuals continue through each stage of moral development consecutively without skipping or returning to a previous stage.According to him, the stages of processing ideas, implying qualitatively, various ways of reasoning, and of problem solving are incorporated in the three levels of pre-conventional, conventional and post conventional development (Hayes, 1994).The pre-conventional level of Kohlberg’s moral development theory communicated that behavior is motivated by anticipation of pleasure or pain (Hayes, 1994). The child is aware of cultural rules and labels of good or bad and right or wrong.The subject then interprets the labels in terms of the physical consequence, such as punishment or reward. This was true in Lamis’ family particularly with how her parents rais ed them. Her mother, in particular, would always want them to help each other and to do things in accordance with her will because she was so strict during those times. She would not allow them to play outside the house if any of them disobey her.Also, she wanted them to always study hard and incessantly reminded them the importance of education in their life. Hence, she would keep their toys and other sources of entertainment like television if they do not review their lessons at least two hours everyday.Her father, on the other hand, would reward them for every good things they do like cleaning the house, fixing their bedrooms, and studying their lessons. He would buy them special cookies or their favorite chocolates every good grade they get from school.Going back to Kohlberg’s moral development theory, the first level, pre-conventional, of moral thinking is generally found at the elementary school level, before the age of nine (Kay, 1982). This level is divided into the f ollowing two stages.The punishment and obedience orientation. This is observed in children ages one to five. The subject is in avoidance of physical punishment and deference to power. The child behaves according to the socially acceptable norms, due to the fear of punishment by an authority figure. The physical aftermaths of an action ascertain its goodness or badness.â€Å"What is right is to avoid breaking rules, to obey for obedience’s sake, and to avoid doing physical damage to people and property† (as cited in Wart, 1998, p. 36). Furthermore, an individual at this stage does not consider the thoughts or feelings of others, nor are they able to relate two points of view. As in Piaget’s framework, ego-centrism and the inability to consider the perspectives of others characterize the reasoning of stage one (Piaget, 2003).The individual instrumental purpose and exchange orientation. Subjects usually between the ages of 5 to 10 are observed maintaining the attri butes of being â€Å"self-serving.† This stage is â€Å"characterized by a view that right behavior means acting in one’s own best interest and occasionally taking into consideration the needs of others† (Penn State Engineering, 2006).There is an early emergence of moral reciprocity. â€Å"You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours.† The individual will do what is necessary to satisfy his own needs not concentrating on loyalty or gratitude. Justice becomes â€Å"Do unto others as they do unto you.† What is right is the immediate interest in the form of an equal exchange, deal or agreement.A subject at this stage of moral development has a basic understanding that norms and conventions are necessary to uphold society. The motto of this stage is â€Å"What’s in it for me?† Elements of sharing are present but are interpreted in a physical pragmatic way (Hayes, 1994).When Lamis was a little kid, she told me she really did not care so much about the feelings of other people like her siblings and playmates. What was important for her was to play and made sure that she did not violate any of her parents’ rules because her strict mother would surely punish her.Lamis was so young then that she actually did not understand everything her mother told her but she did acknowledge the fact that her mother would not be happy if she does something wrong. Until Lamis learned to care about other people and realize the importance of doing good things to others.Her father played an important part in making her understand the essentiality of recognizing the welfare of other individuals in order for those people to do the same good things to her.Lamis’ early learning experiences were fundamentally influenced by her family. She told me during the interview that she did not go to school early, unlike other children, because she had asthma. She only started to go to school when she was eight years old.Apart from the fac t that she had asthma, her parents were scared to leave Lamis in school at a very early age. Such action, according to her, was perhaps due to the conservatism in their culture. Yet, her father never forgot to tell her good things about going to school and learning new things from a teacher.Lamis’ father would always narrate his positive experiences he acquired from school and things that education allowed him to do. Hence, Lamis became really interested in going to school and in fact, became one of the best students when she started her formal education.Furthermore, Lamis was very thankful to her mother being extrovert. Although she was not allowed to go to school at an early age, her mother would always bring her whenever her mother would socialize with her friends and this was perhaps where she learned most of her social skills, where, according to Kohlberg and Piaget, most moral development occurs along with aging process (Duska & Whelan, 1975).When Lamis started her firs t formal education in Saudi Arabia, she admitted to me that she had complicated experiences the first time basically because she found it very challenging to assimilate to the culture of her school considering that her native culture was very different from the school culture in so many ways.On top of this, she did not know the English language that made it more difficult for her to interact with and understand her classmates. She shared to me one experience and this happened during the school opening. She came to school with short hair and most of her classmates were making fun of her.Since she did not understand the language, she did not get affected and instead maintained her good values and behaviors that her parents inculcated into her mind. Lamis further shared to me some of her strengths when she was a student. She told me she was that kind of student who leads and influences other students. She never got intimidated by the presence of her classmates.In fact, she was the clas s leader and she was the one assigned to do the morning news and introduction at school. She was capable of handling the entire class and her teacher actually entrusted to her the class whenever the teacher leaves. She took responsibilities very well. Such behaviors gave her good grades in school for 12 years.During this part of the interview, I was able to trace where these positive and strong attitudes and behaviors came from. I believe her being strong, socially interactive, intelligent, independent, and creative was due to the trainings provided by her parents when she was a little kid.As mentioned earlier, Lamis was introduced to the notion of reward and punishment system when she was young. Her strict mother would always ask her to study and do things accordingly; otherwise a corresponding punishment would be executed.The interview moreover reveals that Lamis’ life is heavily influenced by her many personal encounters with an array of people of equally diverging persona lity types. Which is why, Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory appears to be a very good choice to help further elucidate Lamis’ unique learning tendencies and personality traits.Erikson’s model, if only to mention, puts higher premium than most on exploring the environmental influences of a person as one grows up. In other words, it â€Å"considers the impact of external factors, parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood† (Learning Theories, 2007).According to Erik Erikson, each person needs to undergo eight major life-defining stages over the period of their given life spans. And these stages, on a careful analysis, have two chief characteristics. First, these interrelated life stages – infancy, toddler-hood, school-age, adolescence, early and mid and late-adulthood – are differentiated not by the traditional approach involving the use of chronologically-based age ordering system.Put in other words, Eriksonâ €™s model does not rely on the age of the person in solely evaluating his or her psychological development. Instead, Erikson conceives of these life stages always view of the growth and development of a person achieves relative to his or her age. Critical to his notion of psychosocial theory of personality development is the areas of growth that come with each life stage.Second, every life stage consists in â€Å"a developmental task that confronts individuals with crisis† (Satrock, 2006, p. 71). Erikson’s model maintains that a person needs to find a resourceful way to successfully hurdle the respective crises each life stage brings him or her. If a person resolves a crisis, it serves his growth process well.If a person is unable figure a resolution for it, chances are, it stalls the development of his or her growth and well being. Crises, in needs to argued, are life-defining moments. And as such, it promises not only an ugly catastrophe for a person, but an â₠¬Å"enhanced potential† of a healthy psychological life as well (p. 71).During infancy, Erikson believes that a person needs to resolve fundamental trusts issues. This is achieved when a child is adequately nurtured; i.e., if the immediate environment – the mother, father and siblings, among others – responds well to his or her needs.If a child did not establish a basic sense of security from the family, it can result to an unfortunate retardation of his capacity to trust the larger world later on. Stage two meanwhile pertains to the struggle of a toddler to establish his will.During this stage, a child is able to learn many new things and is beginning to learn what is right from wrong. Depending on the way a person is nurtured at this particular stage, a child can either end up having a strong sense of autonomy or shame.The next phase is the preschooler stage – a time, as it were, to indulge in childhood curiosity. When properly affirmed, a child can devel op a good sense of initiative. When constantly rebuked, a child is expected to develop a gripping sense of guilt.According to Erikson, the immediate family of a child plays a very crucial role in the development or the retardation of children undergoing these three initial stages. In many ways, the importance Erikson places on the role of the family makes his theory wholly distinct from the more inclination-indulging theory of S. Freud (Erikson, 1964, p. 9)Stage four meanwhile concerns the school phase of a child. During these years, a child needs to be empowered to develop his or her competence and self-esteem. At this stage too, a child can either develop a sense of industry or inferiority depending on the manner by which he or she successfully handles the pressures of peer and studies.The next phase is the adolescence stage. At this point, the influence of the family, especially the parents, start to diminish. Everyone’s chief concern at this stage is to establish fidelity in one’s personal affiliation, belongingness, or even relationships. Moreover, a person can either end up establishing a strong sense of who he or she is, or wound up under-developing his or her identity in a crisis marked by severe confusion. Stages six to eight pertains to a person in his or her adulthood.In particular, stage six, or the early adulthood stage, underscores a person’s struggle for love. Since this is the stage proper to establishing relationships, a person can either nurture intimacy or fall apart because of isolation. Stages seven and eight are phases that involve a person’s quest for generativity and integrity. When undermined, a person can sorely wound up into a stage of extreme wallowing and despair (Learning Theories, 2007; Satrock, 2006, pp 71-72).Using Erik Erikson’s theory to evaluate Lamis, the following observations can be noted:First, it can be said that Lamis’ authoritative comportment and unmistakable confidence take root from a successful resolution of her life’s first stage. Lamis’s early life was marked by healthy interaction with her family members.And because each person takes on the â€Å"capital† of gaining something from one’s family of origin (Wartofsky, 1986, p. 113), it can be argued that Lamis’ was able to gain the all important aspect of familial love in her life. Lamis admits belonging to a family that places much regard on care, love and nurturance.Moreover, her being born into a large family turned out to be an advantage for her as well, since her basic need to be nurtured and taken care of as an infant was addressed. This is perhaps the most fundamental reason why Lamis was to develop a strong sense of security as an adult; as indeed, this factor too may help explain why she looks at the world brimming with confidence, optimism and pride.Next, one can also note that Lamis’ is herself quite clued-up with the fact that most of what she bel ieves in and holds on in life stem from the unique manner by which she was nurtured. For instance, Lamis claims that early on in life, she already manifested a certain strain of stoicism towards feelings on account of a very strong sense of rules and punishment-reinforcements.For someone who was just beginning to explore the world, it seems pretty obvious that Lamis developed a sense of autonomy defined by how successful she was able to play by the rules. Her desire to avoid being punished and suffer the shame of being reprimanded by her otherwise rigorous mother was controlling motive for this.As such, this is a classic case of autonomy vs. shame struggle manifested by toddlers. In the process, what emerged from her struggle to obey was a person who has a specific leaning towards obedience and a knack on leadership that influences other people to obey as well.Lastly, it has to be mentioned as well that Lamis’ school age is also marked by a successful overcoming of inferiorit y and low self esteem crises. During the interview, Lamis revealed that her initial contact with the school environment turned out rather unpleasant; as indeed, she had to adjust into the school system rather quickly (since she did not have any schooling prior to her entrance at the age of eight), and put up with incessant teasing of her classmates.But because she was nurtured by a family that cared and supported her, she was able to overcome her school-age crises. In the process, she developed her sense of initiative and industry. This is perhaps seen most glaringly in the healthy and motivated way by which she views her efforts to succeed well in her studies even until the present.To briefly conclude, this paper ends with a thought that, indeed, Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory is able to provide a window for us to look at Lamis’ belief system, behavioral uniqueness and personal worldviews within the larger context of her past experiences. Lamis is indeed a person shaped by the interactions she has had in her lifetime.It is imperative to note that in the years to come, she is to encounter more life defining crises; this time about issues pertinent to adulthood. But what stands out for the meantime is her triumphant emergence from the three identified crises she has thus far encountered.After using Erikson’s theory, we were able to affirm that Lamis’ being able to establish a healthy sense of confidence as an infant, autonomy as toddler, and initiative and industry as a school-age child, surely did serve her well.BibliographyDuska, R. & Whelan, M. (1975). Moral development: A guide to Piaget and Kohlberg. New Jersey: Paulist Press.Erikson, E. (1964). Insight and Responsibility. Lectures on the Ethical Implications of   Ã‚   Psychoanalytic Insight. New York: Norton and Company.Hayes, R. L. (1994). The legacy of Lawrence Kohlberg: Implications for counseling and human development. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72(3), pp. 2 61-267.Kay, S. R. (1982). Kohlberg’s theory of moral development: Critical analysis of validation studies with the defining issues test. International Journal of Psychology, 17(1), pp. 27-43.Learning Theories Knowledgebase (2008). â€Å"Erikson’s Stages of Development†. Retrieved 28   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   July 2008, from Penn State Engineering. (2006). Ethical decision making processes. Retrieved June 24, 2008, from http://www.vanderbilt.edu/CenterforEthics/Descriptions-More%20Info/Resource%20Pages%20for%20Ethics%20Workshop%20-%202006.pdf.Piaget, J. (2003). Part I: Cognitive development in children – Piaget development and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(1), pp. 8-18.Satrock, J. (2006). Educational Psychology. New York, McGraw Hill, Inc.Wart, M. V. (1998). Changing public sector values: Montgomery Van Wart. Taylor & Francis.